Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data
Activity ratios measure how efficiently a company performs day-to-day tasks, such us the collection of receivables and management of inventory.
Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
Moderna Inc., short-term (operating) activity ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
- Inventory Turnover
- The inventory turnover ratio shows a gradual increase from 0.17 in the first recorded quarter to a peak of 23.23, followed by fluctuating declines to 4.01 by the latest period. This indicates a significant improvement in inventory management efficiency initially, with some volatility and reduced turnover in recent quarters.
- Receivables Turnover
- The receivables turnover ratio displays substantial volatility, with an initial low around 0.14, rising sharply to a peak of 43.53, then declining and spiking again in certain periods before tapering to 3.17 most recently. This pattern suggests variability in the company’s ability to collect receivables quickly, reflecting potential changes in credit policy or customer payment behavior.
- Payables Turnover
- The payables turnover ratio is variable but generally remains higher than inventory and receivables turnovers, fluctuating from 0.43 to peaks above 25. It shows inconsistent payment pacing to suppliers, possibly reflecting strategic cash management or fluctuating supplier terms.
- Working Capital Turnover
- Working capital turnover rises sharply from 0.1 to around 3 in earlier periods, then demonstrates a declining trend from 2.17 down to approximately 0.66 towards the end. This suggests early gains in using working capital to generate sales were not sustained, leading to reduced operational efficiency in recent periods.
- Average Inventory Processing Period
- The average inventory processing period considerably decreases over time, starting from above 2,000 days and dropping to a low of 16 days before rising again to 91 days. The early lengthy periods indicate inefficient inventory management initially, followed by improvements and then a moderate increase, implying some recent challenges in inventory turnover.
- Average Receivable Collection Period
- Receivable collection days show a dramatic drop from over 2,500 days to below 10 days at their minimum, but increase again intermittently to 115 days in the latest period. This reflects initial poor collection efficiency, substantial improvement, and then intermittent setbacks or changes in collection strategies.
- Operating Cycle
- The operating cycle shortens from nearly 4,700 days to below 100 days at its best, but later rises again to over 200 days. This trend parallels inventory and receivables processing periods, indicating overall efficiency in managing the operating cycle improved initially but experienced renewed lengthening recently.
- Average Payables Payment Period
- The average payment period to suppliers declines drastically from 845 days to below 20 days early on, then oscillates moderately between 15 and 40 days, ending at 82 days in the latest period. This suggests an initial drastic acceleration in payments, followed by fluctuations reflecting changing supplier payment policies or cash management tactics.
- Cash Conversion Cycle
- The cash conversion cycle follows a pattern similar to the operating cycle, markedly decreasing from over 3,800 days to under 60 days, later modestly increasing to 124 days. This indicates improved liquidity efficiency and faster conversion of resources into cash flow over time, albeit with some recent efficiency reduction.
Turnover Ratios
Average No. Days
Inventory Turnover
Moderna Inc., inventory turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 514) | 115) | 96) | 929) | 2,241) | 731) | 792) | 1,918) | 1,100) | 1,381) | 1,017) | 952) | 722) | 750) | 193) | 8) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Inventory | 412) | 399) | 295) | 202) | 487) | 715) | 732) | 949) | 2,077) | 1,921) | 1,942) | 1,441) | 965) | 643) | 494) | 47) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory turnover1 | 4.01 | 8.47 | 13.55 | 23.23 | 11.67 | 6.35 | 7.09 | 5.71 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 1.77 | 1.82 | 1.73 | 1.48 | 0.41 | 0.17 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | 4.09 | 4.86 | 4.83 | 4.98 | 4.74 | 4.30 | 4.53 | 4.87 | 5.54 | 4.99 | 4.96 | 5.58 | 5.76 | 5.45 | 5.40 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 1.75 | 1.42 | 1.14 | 0.89 | 1.41 | 1.38 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.34 | 1.40 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.53 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | 3.57 | 3.72 | 3.70 | 4.02 | 4.33 | 4.39 | 3.93 | 4.33 | 4.77 | 4.59 | 4.55 | 4.74 | 4.85 | 5.01 | 5.61 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 3.60 | 3.59 | 3.73 | 3.80 | 3.53 | 3.58 | 3.50 | 4.03 | 3.80 | 3.71 | 3.87 | 4.16 | 4.06 | 4.28 | 4.34 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.23 | 1.40 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.54 | 1.86 | 1.79 | 1.93 | 1.88 | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.68 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 3.62 | 3.33 | 3.59 | 3.64 | 3.49 | 3.45 | 3.57 | 3.75 | 4.71 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.08 | 3.21 | 2.99 | 2.79 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 2.15 | 2.20 | 2.32 | 2.37 | 2.46 | 2.23 | 2.36 | 2.49 | 2.68 | 2.69 | 2.77 | 2.87 | 2.86 | 2.91 | 2.86 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 2.45 | 2.39 | 2.42 | 2.54 | 2.63 | 2.66 | 2.72 | 2.95 | 3.10 | 3.06 | 2.74 | 2.29 | 2.73 | 2.79 | 2.40 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 1.66 | 2.05 | 2.15 | 2.45 | 2.65 | 2.31 | 3.07 | 3.82 | 3.62 | 3.66 | 3.67 | 3.40 | 2.78 | 1.80 | 1.28 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 1.27 | 1.25 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 4.62 | 4.83 | 4.93 | 5.06 | 4.83 | 4.64 | 4.62 | 4.60 | 4.29 | 4.03 | 3.87 | 3.88 | 3.90 | 4.03 | 4.01 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 1.37 | 1.53 | 1.65 | 1.71 | 1.71 | 1.90 | 2.06 | 2.35 | 2.69 | 2.70 | 2.83 | 2.56 | 2.58 | 2.52 | 2.56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Inventory turnover
= (Cost of salesQ3 2024
+ Cost of salesQ2 2024
+ Cost of salesQ1 2024
+ Cost of salesQ4 2023)
÷ Inventory
= (514 + 115 + 96 + 929)
÷ 412 = 4.01
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data for the quarterly periods reveals notable fluctuations and evolving trends in the cost of sales, inventory levels, and inventory turnover ratios.
- Cost of Sales
- The cost of sales figures demonstrate an overall increasing trend starting from modest values in 2021, with a peak observed during the fourth quarter of 2022 at 2,241 million US dollars. However, after this peak, there is a considerable decline in the subsequent quarters of 2023 and early 2024, with values dropping to as low as 96 million by the second quarter of 2024. This indicates periods of heightened production costs or sales volumes followed by a sharp reduction, suggesting possible fluctuations in demand or operational adjustments.
- Inventory Levels
- Inventory values exhibit a steady growth trajectory from early 2021 through to the fourth quarter of 2021, rising from 494 million to 2,077 million US dollars. After this, inventory levels decline significantly throughout 2022 and 2023, reaching a low of 202 million by the first quarter of 2024. A mild recovery is apparent in the middle quarters of 2024, with inventory increasing to 412 million by the third quarter. The initial growth phase in inventory likely corresponds to stockpiling or increased production activity, while the subsequent drawdown could reflect improving sales efficiency or inventory management practices.
- Inventory Turnover Ratio
- The inventory turnover ratio, which measures how efficiently inventory is sold and replaced, shows an upward trend over the observed periods. Beginning at 0.17 in early 2021, the ratio climbs steadily, reaching values above 2.0 by the end of 2021. This ratio spikes dramatically in 2023, peaking at 23.23 in the first quarter, indicating a very rapid movement of inventory relative to its stock. Despite some volatility thereafter, turnover remains elevated compared to earlier periods, suggesting enhanced operational efficiency or brisk sales activity reducing inventory holding times.
In summary, the data reveals a cycle of increasing cost of sales and inventory accumulation until late 2021, after which costs and inventory levels both undergo significant reductions. The inventory turnover ratio's sharp rise reflects improved inventory utilization and possibly a strategic shift towards leaner inventory management. The fluctuations seen in cost of sales and inventory suggest dynamic market conditions or strategic responses affecting production and inventory policies over the analyzed quarters.
Receivables Turnover
Moderna Inc., receivables turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net product sales | 1,820) | 184) | 167) | 2,793) | 1,757) | 293) | 1,828) | 4,859) | 3,120) | 4,531) | 5,925) | 6,935) | 4,810) | 4,197) | 1,733) | 200) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 1,564) | 163) | 137) | 892) | 1,866) | 232) | 1,113) | 1,385) | 2,695) | 2,691) | 3,173) | 3,175) | 3,142) | 2,020) | 3,210) | 1,391) | 191) | 33) | 7) | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables turnover1 | 3.17 | 30.07 | 36.57 | 7.48 | 4.68 | 43.53 | 12.88 | 13.31 | 7.61 | 8.25 | 6.89 | 5.57 | 3.48 | 3.03 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | 4.84 | 4.69 | 4.55 | 4.87 | 4.83 | 4.88 | 4.95 | 5.16 | 5.38 | 5.10 | 5.29 | 5.63 | 5.94 | 5.42 | 5.24 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 4.26 | 4.26 | 4.16 | 3.70 | 4.17 | 4.34 | 4.34 | 4.46 | 4.60 | 4.62 | 4.81 | 4.96 | 5.11 | 5.39 | 5.41 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 6.77 | 7.15 | 7.02 | 6.09 | 6.15 | 6.64 | 6.89 | 6.40 | 7.09 | 6.81 | 6.87 | 6.36 | 6.69 | 6.51 | 6.28 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 3.97 | 3.53 | 4.56 | 3.75 | 3.93 | 3.93 | 3.68 | 4.14 | 4.35 | 4.57 | 4.64 | 4.24 | 4.69 | 4.58 | 4.56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 6.14 | 5.92 | 5.84 | 5.78 | 5.68 | 6.43 | 6.43 | 5.65 | 6.16 | 6.60 | 7.18 | 6.01 | 5.95 | 6.34 | 6.43 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 5.42 | 5.48 | 5.73 | 5.73 | 5.91 | 5.36 | 5.65 | 5.88 | 6.04 | 5.92 | 6.08 | 6.14 | 6.13 | 6.00 | 5.64 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 5.55 | 5.37 | 5.40 | 5.81 | 5.71 | 5.29 | 5.56 | 6.27 | 6.22 | 5.93 | 5.49 | 5.28 | 5.56 | 6.00 | 5.65 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 4.18 | 4.93 | 5.09 | 5.33 | 6.25 | 7.66 | 7.57 | 9.16 | 6.21 | 6.68 | 6.99 | 7.08 | 5.81 | 5.23 | 4.70 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 2.27 | 2.36 | 2.51 | 2.31 | 2.35 | 2.47 | 2.42 | 2.28 | 2.47 | 2.76 | 3.41 | 2.66 | 2.48 | 1.77 | 2.20 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 5.13 | 5.33 | 5.36 | 5.21 | 5.19 | 5.43 | 5.53 | 5.53 | 5.76 | 5.53 | 5.21 | 4.92 | 7.03 | 6.99 | 6.46 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 6.07 | 6.24 | 5.68 | 6.31 | 6.27 | 6.11 | 5.95 | 6.19 | 6.28 | 6.26 | 6.15 | 6.66 | 6.48 | 7.19 | 6.56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Receivables turnover
= (Net product salesQ3 2024
+ Net product salesQ2 2024
+ Net product salesQ1 2024
+ Net product salesQ4 2023)
÷ Accounts receivable, net
= (1,820 + 184 + 167 + 2,793)
÷ 1,564 = 3.17
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Net Product Sales
- Net product sales were absent in the early quarters but started to appear in the first quarter of 2021 at a relatively low level of 200 million USD. Subsequently, sales experienced a sharp increase peaking in the fourth quarter of 2021 at 4,810 million USD. Sales continued to rise, reaching their highest point of 6,935 million USD in the first quarter of 2022. Following this peak, a downward trend ensued with sales decreasing each quarter to 3,120 million USD by the fourth quarter of 2022. Early 2023 observed a partial recovery reaching 4,859 million USD in the first quarter, yet sales exhibited considerable volatility in subsequent quarters, ranging from a low of 167 million USD to 1,828 million USD. The most recent data from 2024 indicates a mixed pattern, with sales fluctuating but generally lower compared to the 2021-2022 peak. This reflects significant fluctuations in sales, with notable declines after high achievement in 2021-2022 and inconsistent recovery attempts through 2023 and 2024.
- Accounts Receivable, Net
- Accounts receivable rose markedly from 7 million USD in the first quarter of 2020 to a peak of 3,210 million USD in the first quarter of 2021. After this peak, the figures show fluctuations but generally remain elevated, with values around 3,000 million USD through late 2021 and early 2022. Receivables then gradually decline through 2022 and into the first half of 2023, reaching a low of 186 million USD by the third quarter of 2023. Subsequently, receivables increase again, with the most recent quarters in 2024 showing moderately elevated balances compared to the latter part of 2023. This pattern suggests cycles of sales volume and collection processes affecting receivables, consistent with the irregular sales trends.
- Receivables Turnover
- The receivables turnover ratio started at very low levels in early 2021, indicating slow collection relative to outstanding receivables, with ratios as low as 0.14 and 0.6. Thereafter, it improved significantly during 2021 and 2022, reaching a peak turnover of 13.31 in the first quarter of 2023, indicating faster collection. However, there is a notable spike to 43.53 in the third quarter of 2023, which may reflect either accelerated collections or decreased receivable balances. Following this, turnover ratios fluctuate substantially through 2024, ranging from highs above 30 to lows around 3.17. These swings indicate volatile operational efficiency in managing receivables, possibly driven by variability in sales and changes in credit policies or customer payment behavior.
- Overall Analysis
- The financial data reveals a period of rapid growth in sales and accounts receivable through 2021 and early 2022, followed by marked volatility and declines. The peak in sales in early 2022 was not sustained, and sales volumes dropped sharply with irregular recovery patterns. Accounts receivable trends closely follow sales but with lagged movements, reflecting collection effects. Receivables turnover ratios improved as collections became more efficient post-2021 but then showed significant fluctuations indicative of inconsistent receivables management or changes in customer payment timing. These dynamics suggest a challenging operating environment with fluctuating demand, sales performance, and cash collection over the analyzed period.
Payables Turnover
Moderna Inc., payables turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 514) | 115) | 96) | 929) | 2,241) | 731) | 792) | 1,918) | 1,100) | 1,381) | 1,017) | 952) | 722) | 750) | 193) | 8) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Accounts payable | 373) | 279) | 183) | 520) | 494) | 310) | 389) | 487) | 330) | 181) | 199) | 302) | 87) | 77) | 8) | 18) | 21) | 19) | 11) | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payables turnover1 | 4.43 | 12.12 | 21.84 | 9.03 | 11.50 | 14.65 | 13.34 | 11.12 | 13.48 | 22.50 | 17.29 | 8.67 | 19.23 | 12.35 | 25.12 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payables Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 5.99 | 5.01 | 6.10 | 5.32 | 5.22 | 5.67 | 4.97 | 4.08 | 5.30 | 5.09 | 4.65 | 4.72 | 5.41 | 4.92 | 4.40 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | 3.43 | 3.05 | 3.12 | 3.28 | 3.75 | 3.38 | 3.20 | 3.33 | 3.82 | 3.41 | 3.25 | 3.37 | 3.89 | 2.97 | 3.69 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 6.04 | 5.84 | 5.88 | 5.58 | 5.63 | 5.82 | 5.68 | 5.45 | 5.61 | 5.00 | 5.04 | 4.48 | 5.20 | 5.54 | 5.29 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 2.70 | 2.56 | 2.88 | 2.73 | 2.81 | 2.65 | 3.07 | 3.43 | 4.24 | 4.21 | 5.24 | 4.38 | 4.46 | 4.30 | 3.75 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 7.49 | 12.57 | 10.69 | 11.81 | 9.90 | 9.06 | 8.99 | 6.25 | 11.22 | 11.89 | 11.43 | 9.36 | 9.18 | 8.70 | 8.71 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 3.03 | 3.03 | 3.23 | 2.76 | 3.29 | 2.75 | 3.05 | 2.66 | 3.08 | 3.15 | 3.26 | 2.70 | 3.32 | 3.38 | 3.34 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 4.26 | 4.39 | 4.48 | 4.11 | 4.59 | 4.58 | 4.34 | 4.08 | 5.16 | 4.86 | 4.25 | 2.96 | 4.54 | 3.93 | 3.81 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 3.67 | 4.60 | 4.19 | 3.72 | 5.07 | 3.92 | 4.78 | 5.04 | 5.49 | 6.17 | 6.66 | 5.53 | 5.11 | 3.72 | 2.68 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 3.87 | 3.32 | 2.67 | 2.99 | 3.43 | 3.14 | 2.69 | 2.65 | 3.74 | 4.00 | 5.39 | 4.32 | 4.23 | 3.42 | 2.23 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 9.63 | 9.85 | 9.91 | 8.97 | 10.41 | 10.82 | 9.35 | 7.67 | 9.93 | 8.84 | 7.96 | 6.83 | 8.31 | 8.88 | 8.12 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 3.73 | 4.27 | 3.81 | 3.46 | 3.13 | 3.16 | 3.41 | 3.55 | 8.23 | 5.01 | 5.52 | 4.64 | 6.73 | 6.35 | 5.99 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Payables turnover
= (Cost of salesQ3 2024
+ Cost of salesQ2 2024
+ Cost of salesQ1 2024
+ Cost of salesQ4 2023)
÷ Accounts payable
= (514 + 115 + 96 + 929)
÷ 373 = 4.43
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial data for the analyzed periods reveals several notable trends in the cost of sales, accounts payable, and payables turnover for the entity in question.
- Cost of Sales
- The cost of sales figures show significant variability starting from the first available data point at the end of the first quarter of 2021. Initially, there is an increase from 8 million US dollars to 193 million by mid-2021, fluctuating moderately thereafter. A peak appears in the fourth quarter of 2022, with cost surging to 2,241 million, marking the highest point during the data range. This is followed by a sharp decrease in the first half of 2023, returning to lower hundreds of millions, before experiencing another peak near the end of 2023. In early 2024, a noticeable decline is observed again, reaching notably low figures in the second and third quarters. These fluctuations suggest volatility in production costs or sales volumes during the analyzed period.
- Accounts Payable
- Accounts payable start at relatively low levels in early 2020, ranging from 11 to 21 million, but exhibit a pronounced upward trend beginning in early 2021. The accounts payable increase sharply, peaking at 520 million in the first half of 2024. The trajectory shows consistent growth with occasional fluctuations but generally maintains an upward momentum, reflecting possibly extended credit from suppliers or increasing business activities requiring more purchases on account.
- Payables Turnover Ratio
- The payables turnover ratio demonstrates considerable variability throughout the recorded quarters. After starting with a low ratio in early 2021 (0.43), it spikes dramatically to above 25 in mid-2021, indicating faster payment to suppliers during that quarter. Subsequent quarters depict fluctuating turnover ratios mostly between approximately 4 and 22.5, suggesting inconsistent payment patterns relative to purchases or costs. The latest data point shows a decrease to 4.43, which may imply slower payment cycles more recently. This variability may reflect changes in payment policies or operational cash management strategies.
In summary, the entity appears to experience significant fluctuations in costs of sales alongside rising accounts payable balances, possibly indicating growth or operational complexity increasing liabilities. The variable payables turnover ratio suggests changing payment practices or supplier terms that influence the cash conversion cycle over time.
Working Capital Turnover
Moderna Inc., working capital turnover calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | 9,666) | 9,661) | 9,600) | 10,325) | 10,799) | 10,599) | 12,122) | 13,431) | 14,297) | 13,563) | 16,350) | 16,071) | 13,425) | 10,969) | 11,703) | 6,298) | 3,577) | 2,797) | 1,250) | ||||||
| Less: Current liabilities | 2,201) | 2,363) | 2,380) | 3,015) | 4,385) | 3,123) | 3,499) | 4,923) | 6,807) | 6,812) | 9,238) | 9,128) | 9,957) | 8,840) | 8,441) | 4,389) | 1,474) | 162) | 135) | ||||||
| Working capital | 7,465) | 7,298) | 7,220) | 7,310) | 6,414) | 7,476) | 8,623) | 8,508) | 7,490) | 6,751) | 7,112) | 6,943) | 3,468) | 2,129) | 3,262) | 1,909) | 2,104) | 2,635) | 1,115) | ||||||
| Net product sales | 1,820) | 184) | 167) | 2,793) | 1,757) | 293) | 1,828) | 4,859) | 3,120) | 4,531) | 5,925) | 6,935) | 4,810) | 4,197) | 1,733) | 200) | —) | —) | —) | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Working capital turnover1 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.66 | 2.17 | 2.74 | 3.29 | 3.07 | 2.55 | 3.15 | 2.88 | 0.59 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Working Capital Turnover, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 130.12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 4.83 | 5.19 | 3.39 | 2.25 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 3.82 | 2.52 | 3.67 | 4.34 | 3.37 | 2.55 | 5.35 | 2.84 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | 8.49 | 12.50 | 15.56 | 4.60 | 10.47 | 5.53 | 5.55 | 8.30 | 5.75 | 4.92 | 6.24 | 3.95 | 4.43 | 4.24 | 4.25 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 8.73 | 8.10 | 3.60 | 4.22 | 2.18 | 3.08 | 3.81 | 4.20 | 5.00 | 5.43 | 5.91 | 8.40 | 7.98 | 3.12 | 3.45 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 6.06 | 12.62 | 5.45 | — | 31.79 | 12.21 | 5.77 | 31.84 | 14.71 | 19.45 | 8.19 | 8.33 | 6.73 | 12.14 | 5.21 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 9.22 | 17.98 | 26.58 | 5.61 | 6.74 | 84.15 | 9.14 | 8.42 | 8.56 | 6.87 | 6.68 | 8.54 | 7.25 | 7.09 | 7.06 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 58.86 | 22.29 | 10.35 | 11.81 | 9.37 | 14.06 | 23.02 | — | 4.88 | 5.02 | 5.57 | 5.95 | 5.97 | 5.93 | 7.26 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 5.86 | 5.14 | 9.68 | 9.29 | 6.69 | 8.86 | 5.63 | 5.16 | 5.58 | 6.39 | 6.09 | 7.62 | 6.51 | 6.97 | 84.97 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 5,036.00 | — | 29.17 | — | 1.62 | 2.03 | 6.89 | 11.00 | 3.83 | 5.05 | 6.10 | 4.78 | 4.29 | 4.21 | 3.60 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.46 | 1.59 | 1.35 | 1.29 | 1.35 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 4.61 | 3.96 | 4.38 | 4.05 | 4.86 | 7.40 | 10.13 | 5.46 | 5.40 | 6.03 | 6.13 | 5.87 | 2.30 | 3.10 | 3.36 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 1.82 | 1.92 | 1.07 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 0.97 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Working capital turnover
= (Net product salesQ3 2024
+ Net product salesQ2 2024
+ Net product salesQ1 2024
+ Net product salesQ4 2023)
÷ Working capital
= (1,820 + 184 + 167 + 2,793)
÷ 7,465 = 0.66
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the quarterly financial data reveals several notable trends in working capital, net product sales, and working capital turnover over the examined periods.
- Working Capital
- The working capital has demonstrated significant fluctuations throughout the quarters. Initially, it rose from 1,115 million US dollars in March 2020 to a peak of 6,943 million by the end of December 2021. This upward trend indicates an increasing availability of current assets over current liabilities. After reaching this peak, there was a period of volatility with working capital values ranging between approximately 6,414 million and 8,623 million. More recently, as of the third quarter of 2024, working capital stabilized around 7,465 million. Overall, the trend suggests strengthening liquidity with some interim fluctuations.
- Net Product Sales
- Net product sales data, available from December 2020 onwards, display a rapid increase during the first several quarters, notably reaching 6,935 million US dollars by the end of December 2021. This represents a period of strong sales growth. However, following this peak, sales declined considerably in 2022, dropping to 1,828 million by March 2023 and bottoming out at 167 million by March 2024. Thereafter, a marked recovery occurred, with sales increasing to 1,820 million by September 2024. The overall sales trend indicates a sharp rise, subsequent decline, and a recent resurgence in product sales.
- Working Capital Turnover
- Working capital turnover, which measures the efficiency of using working capital to generate sales, paralleled the sales trend initially. Starting at a low 0.1 ratio in December 2020, turnover rose sharply to peaks around 3.29 by September 2022, reflecting improved operational efficiency during periods of increased sales. However, following this, the turnover ratio steadily declined to 0.66 by September 2024, consistent with the dropping net product sales observed in early 2023, despite working capital remaining relatively high. This decline suggests reduced efficiency in generating sales from working capital during this period.
In summary, the company's working capital showed a general increase and relative stability, while net product sales experienced a significant boom and then a notable contraction before some recovery. The working capital turnover ratio followed sales patterns, indicating that operational efficiency in utilizing working capital was strongly influenced by sales volume changes over time. The weakening turnover ratio in recent quarters suggests that despite maintaining strong liquidity, sales generation efficiency has diminished, highlighting potential challenges in converting working capital into sales.
Average Inventory Processing Period
Moderna Inc., average inventory processing period calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory turnover | 4.01 | 8.47 | 13.55 | 23.23 | 11.67 | 6.35 | 7.09 | 5.71 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 1.77 | 1.82 | 1.73 | 1.48 | 0.41 | 0.17 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average inventory processing period1 | 91 | 43 | 27 | 16 | 31 | 57 | 51 | 64 | 170 | 172 | 206 | 201 | 211 | 247 | 897 | 2,141 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Inventory Processing Period, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | 89 | 75 | 75 | 73 | 77 | 85 | 81 | 75 | 66 | 73 | 74 | 65 | 63 | 67 | 68 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 209 | 257 | 321 | 411 | 259 | 265 | 279 | 281 | 272 | 260 | 247 | 231 | 239 | 239 | 239 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | 102 | 98 | 99 | 91 | 84 | 83 | 93 | 84 | 76 | 79 | 80 | 77 | 75 | 73 | 65 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 101 | 102 | 98 | 96 | 104 | 102 | 104 | 91 | 96 | 98 | 94 | 88 | 90 | 85 | 84 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 349 | 316 | 312 | 298 | 261 | 267 | 268 | 237 | 196 | 204 | 189 | 194 | 204 | 203 | 217 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 101 | 110 | 102 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 97 | 78 | 81 | 81 | 89 | 114 | 122 | 131 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 169 | 166 | 158 | 154 | 149 | 164 | 155 | 147 | 136 | 136 | 132 | 127 | 128 | 125 | 128 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 149 | 153 | 151 | 144 | 139 | 137 | 134 | 124 | 118 | 119 | 133 | 159 | 134 | 131 | 152 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 219 | 178 | 170 | 149 | 138 | 158 | 119 | 95 | 101 | 100 | 99 | 107 | 131 | 203 | 284 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 573 | 562 | 553 | 519 | 508 | 532 | 549 | 562 | 440 | 379 | 287 | 292 | 415 | 445 | 653 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 79 | 76 | 74 | 72 | 76 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 85 | 91 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 91 | 91 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 267 | 238 | 222 | 214 | 213 | 192 | 177 | 156 | 136 | 135 | 129 | 143 | 142 | 145 | 142 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Average inventory processing period = 365 ÷ Inventory turnover
= 365 ÷ 4.01 = 91
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the inventory turnover ratio and the average inventory processing period reveals significant trends over the observed quarters. The inventory turnover ratio demonstrates a notable upward trajectory beginning in early 2021, rising from a low of 0.17 and accelerating to a peak of 23.23 by the first quarter of 2024. This trend suggests increasing efficiency in managing and selling inventory over the time span.
Correspondingly, the average inventory processing period shows a strong inverse relationship to the turnover ratio, reflecting improved inventory movement and shorter holding times. Starting at an extremely high processing duration of 2141 days, there is a marked decrease in the number of days inventory remains held, dropping to a low of 16 days in the same quarter where turnover peaks. This indicates a substantial enhancement in operational effectiveness and possibly demand or supply chain improvements.
However, from the peak turnover period in early 2024 onward, the inventory turnover ratio declines sharply, falling back to 4.01 by the third quarter of 2024. Concurrently, the average inventory processing period increases significantly again, reaching 91 days. This reversal may point to challenges such as slower sales, overstocking, or disruptions in inventory management systems.
In summary, the data outlines a period of strong improvement in inventory utilization and operational efficiency from 2020 through early 2024, followed by a reversal indicating emerging inefficiencies or market challenges in the most recent quarters.
Average Receivable Collection Period
Moderna Inc., average receivable collection period calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables turnover | 3.17 | 30.07 | 36.57 | 7.48 | 4.68 | 43.53 | 12.88 | 13.31 | 7.61 | 8.25 | 6.89 | 5.57 | 3.48 | 3.03 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average receivable collection period1 | 115 | 12 | 10 | 49 | 78 | 8 | 28 | 27 | 48 | 44 | 53 | 66 | 105 | 120 | 606 | 2,539 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Receivable Collection Period, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | 75 | 78 | 80 | 75 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 71 | 68 | 72 | 69 | 65 | 61 | 67 | 70 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 86 | 86 | 88 | 99 | 88 | 84 | 84 | 82 | 79 | 79 | 76 | 74 | 71 | 68 | 67 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 54 | 51 | 52 | 60 | 59 | 55 | 53 | 57 | 51 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 55 | 56 | 58 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 92 | 103 | 80 | 97 | 93 | 93 | 99 | 88 | 84 | 80 | 79 | 86 | 78 | 80 | 80 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 59 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 57 | 57 | 65 | 59 | 55 | 51 | 61 | 61 | 58 | 57 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 67 | 67 | 64 | 64 | 62 | 68 | 65 | 62 | 60 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 65 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 66 | 68 | 68 | 63 | 64 | 69 | 66 | 58 | 59 | 62 | 66 | 69 | 66 | 61 | 65 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 87 | 74 | 72 | 69 | 58 | 48 | 48 | 40 | 59 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 63 | 70 | 78 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 161 | 155 | 146 | 158 | 156 | 148 | 151 | 160 | 148 | 132 | 107 | 137 | 147 | 206 | 166 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 71 | 68 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 66 | 70 | 74 | 52 | 52 | 56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 60 | 58 | 64 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 55 | 56 | 51 | 56 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Average receivable collection period = 365 ÷ Receivables turnover
= 365 ÷ 3.17 = 115
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Receivables Turnover Trend
- The receivables turnover ratio shows a significant upward trend from the first recorded value of 0.14 up to a peak of 43.53 during the third quarter of 2023. This increase indicates a marked improvement in the efficiency of collections, implying that the company was able to convert its receivables into cash more quickly over time. However, volatility is evident, particularly in the last few quarters, where turnovers of 4.68, 7.48, 36.57, 30.07, and 3.17 suggest fluctuations in collection efficiency.
- Average Receivable Collection Period
- The average receivable collection period demonstrates an inverse pattern relative to the receivables turnover ratio, starting at a prolonged 2,539 days, markedly decreasing to as low as 8 days in the third quarter of 2023. This reduction reflects improved cash flow management and faster collection cycles. Nevertheless, the collection period shows variability in recent quarters, extending to 78, then decreasing again to 10, 12, and ultimately rising to 115 days in the latest quarter, indicating some inconsistency in receivable collections.
- Overall Insights
- The inverse correlation between receivables turnover and the average collection period aligns with expected financial behavior, implying that as turnover increases, the collection period shortens. The data signals significant improvements in receivables management from mid-2020 through 2023, highlighting enhanced operational efficiency. However, the recent fluctuations suggest potential challenges in maintaining consistent receivables collections, warranting further investigation to identify underlying causes, such as changes in credit policy, market conditions, or customer payment behavior.
Operating Cycle
Moderna Inc., operating cycle calculation (quarterly data)
No. days
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average inventory processing period | 91 | 43 | 27 | 16 | 31 | 57 | 51 | 64 | 170 | 172 | 206 | 201 | 211 | 247 | 897 | 2,141 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Average receivable collection period | 115 | 12 | 10 | 49 | 78 | 8 | 28 | 27 | 48 | 44 | 53 | 66 | 105 | 120 | 606 | 2,539 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating cycle1 | 206 | 55 | 37 | 65 | 109 | 65 | 79 | 91 | 218 | 216 | 259 | 267 | 316 | 367 | 1,503 | 4,680 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Cycle, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AbbVie Inc. | 164 | 153 | 155 | 148 | 153 | 160 | 155 | 146 | 134 | 145 | 143 | 130 | 124 | 134 | 138 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 295 | 343 | 409 | 510 | 347 | 349 | 363 | 363 | 351 | 339 | 323 | 305 | 310 | 307 | 306 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 155 | 153 | 150 | 156 | 163 | 157 | 157 | 148 | 147 | 152 | 147 | 145 | 145 | 141 | 142 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 441 | 419 | 392 | 395 | 354 | 360 | 367 | 325 | 280 | 284 | 268 | 280 | 282 | 283 | 297 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 160 | 172 | 164 | 163 | 169 | 163 | 159 | 162 | 137 | 136 | 132 | 150 | 175 | 180 | 188 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 236 | 233 | 222 | 218 | 211 | 232 | 220 | 209 | 196 | 198 | 192 | 186 | 188 | 186 | 193 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 215 | 221 | 219 | 207 | 203 | 206 | 200 | 182 | 177 | 181 | 199 | 228 | 200 | 192 | 217 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 306 | 252 | 242 | 218 | 196 | 206 | 167 | 135 | 160 | 155 | 151 | 159 | 194 | 273 | 362 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 734 | 717 | 699 | 677 | 664 | 680 | 700 | 722 | 588 | 511 | 394 | 429 | 562 | 651 | 819 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 150 | 144 | 142 | 142 | 146 | 146 | 145 | 145 | 148 | 157 | 164 | 168 | 146 | 143 | 147 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 327 | 296 | 286 | 272 | 271 | 252 | 238 | 215 | 194 | 193 | 188 | 198 | 198 | 196 | 198 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Operating cycle = Average inventory processing period + Average receivable collection period
= 91 + 115 = 206
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The analysis of the financial periods reveals significant shifts in key operational efficiency metrics over the examined time frame, highlighting improvements and subsequent variability in inventory management, receivables collection, and the overall operating cycle.
- Average Inventory Processing Period
-
The average inventory processing period initially shows an extreme value of 2141 days, which rapidly decreases over the subsequent quarters to stabilize around 200 days by early 2022. From that point, there is a continued downward trend, reaching a notably low point of 16 days by the first quarter of 2024. However, in the last few quarters the figure shows some volatility, increasing to 91 days by the third quarter of 2024. This pattern suggests a marked enhancement in inventory turnover efficiency up to early 2024, followed by some operational or market challenges causing delays or increased inventory holdings.
- Average Receivable Collection Period
-
Similarly, the average receivable collection period begins at an extraordinarily high 2539 days, featuring a sharp decline to under 100 days by early 2023. This improvement points towards better credit management or quicker conversion of receivables into cash. After reaching a low of about 8 days mid-2023, the collection period exhibits sizeable fluctuations, rising sharply to 115 days by the third quarter of 2024. This variability may indicate changes in customer payment behavior, credit terms adjustments, or potential collection issues during the recent quarters.
- Operating Cycle
-
The operating cycle, representing the combined duration of inventory processing and receivables collection, mimics the trends of its components. It dramatically reduces from 4680 days to about 91 days by early 2023, signifying substantial gains in overall working capital efficiency. After reaching this trough, the operating cycle displays moderate volatility, increasing to 206 days in the third quarter of 2024. While the operating cycle remains considerably shorter than the initial periods, the rising trend in recent quarters warrants attention to possible operational inefficiencies or changing business conditions.
In summary, the firm exhibits significant improvements in the speed of inventory turnover and receivables collection over the observed periods, contributing to a much shorter operating cycle and likely improved liquidity and operational efficiency. Recent volatility in these metrics indicates a potential shift in business dynamics or external factors impacting collection and inventory management practices. Continued monitoring and analysis of these trends will be critical for maintaining optimal working capital management.
Average Payables Payment Period
Moderna Inc., average payables payment period calculation (quarterly data)
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payables turnover | 4.43 | 12.12 | 21.84 | 9.03 | 11.50 | 14.65 | 13.34 | 11.12 | 13.48 | 22.50 | 17.29 | 8.67 | 19.23 | 12.35 | 25.12 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average payables payment period1 | 82 | 30 | 17 | 40 | 32 | 25 | 27 | 33 | 27 | 16 | 21 | 42 | 19 | 30 | 15 | 845 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks (no. days) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Payables Payment Period, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 61 | 73 | 60 | 69 | 70 | 64 | 73 | 90 | 69 | 72 | 78 | 77 | 67 | 74 | 83 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | 106 | 120 | 117 | 111 | 97 | 108 | 114 | 109 | 96 | 107 | 112 | 108 | 94 | 123 | 99 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 60 | 63 | 62 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 64 | 67 | 65 | 73 | 72 | 82 | 70 | 66 | 69 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 135 | 142 | 127 | 134 | 130 | 138 | 119 | 106 | 86 | 87 | 70 | 83 | 82 | 85 | 97 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 49 | 29 | 34 | 31 | 37 | 40 | 41 | 58 | 33 | 31 | 32 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 42 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 120 | 121 | 113 | 132 | 111 | 133 | 120 | 137 | 118 | 116 | 112 | 135 | 110 | 108 | 109 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 86 | 83 | 81 | 89 | 80 | 80 | 84 | 89 | 71 | 75 | 86 | 123 | 80 | 93 | 96 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 99 | 79 | 87 | 98 | 72 | 93 | 76 | 72 | 66 | 59 | 55 | 66 | 71 | 98 | 136 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 94 | 110 | 137 | 122 | 106 | 116 | 136 | 138 | 98 | 91 | 68 | 84 | 86 | 107 | 164 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 38 | 37 | 37 | 41 | 35 | 34 | 39 | 48 | 37 | 41 | 46 | 53 | 44 | 41 | 45 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 98 | 85 | 96 | 106 | 117 | 115 | 107 | 103 | 44 | 73 | 66 | 79 | 54 | 57 | 61 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Average payables payment period = 365 ÷ Payables turnover
= 365 ÷ 4.43 = 82
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Payables Turnover
- The payables turnover ratio demonstrates notable volatility across the periods. Initially, the ratio was not recorded, but beginning in the first quarter of 2021, it shows a sharp increase, reaching a high point of 25.12. Subsequent quarters witnessed fluctuations, with the ratio declining to 8.67 and then oscillating between approximately 11 and 23 in the following quarters. The last few quarters reveal a decline again, ending at 4.43 by the third quarter of 2024. This indicates alternating efficiency in settling payables, with periods of accelerated payments followed by slower ones.
- Average Payables Payment Period
- The average payables payment period follows an inverse relationship to the payables turnover, as expected. In early 2021, the payment period dramatically decreased from a very high 845 days to a low of 15 days, indicating much quicker payments. Following this, the payment period fluctuates between approximately 16 and 42 days over subsequent quarters, suggesting variability in payment cycles. In the latest quarters, the payment period increased significantly again to 82 days by the third quarter of 2024, reflecting a trend toward longer payment durations.
- Insights
- The initial extraordinary values reflect a change or correction in reporting or operating practice that established a more normalized payment pattern from 2021 onward. The fluctuations in the payables turnover and average payment period indicate that the company experienced varying payment behaviors possibly influenced by operational or strategic financial decisions over the years. The recent increase in payment period and corresponding decrease in turnover might suggest a loosening of payment terms or a change in supplier arrangements, potentially impacting the company’s short-term liabilities management and supplier relationships.
Cash Conversion Cycle
Moderna Inc., cash conversion cycle calculation (quarterly data)
No. days
| Sep 30, 2024 | Jun 30, 2024 | Mar 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Sep 30, 2023 | Jun 30, 2023 | Mar 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Sep 30, 2022 | Jun 30, 2022 | Mar 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Sep 30, 2021 | Jun 30, 2021 | Mar 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Sep 30, 2020 | Jun 30, 2020 | Mar 31, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average inventory processing period | 91 | 43 | 27 | 16 | 31 | 57 | 51 | 64 | 170 | 172 | 206 | 201 | 211 | 247 | 897 | 2,141 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Average receivable collection period | 115 | 12 | 10 | 49 | 78 | 8 | 28 | 27 | 48 | 44 | 53 | 66 | 105 | 120 | 606 | 2,539 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Average payables payment period | 82 | 30 | 17 | 40 | 32 | 25 | 27 | 33 | 27 | 16 | 21 | 42 | 19 | 30 | 15 | 845 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Short-term Activity Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash conversion cycle1 | 124 | 25 | 20 | 25 | 77 | 40 | 52 | 58 | 191 | 200 | 238 | 225 | 297 | 337 | 1,488 | 3,835 | — | — | — | ||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Conversion Cycle, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amgen Inc. | 234 | 270 | 349 | 441 | 277 | 285 | 290 | 273 | 282 | 267 | 245 | 228 | 243 | 233 | 223 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Danaher Corp. | 95 | 90 | 88 | 91 | 98 | 94 | 93 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 75 | 63 | 75 | 75 | 73 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Eli Lilly & Co. | 306 | 277 | 265 | 261 | 224 | 222 | 248 | 219 | 194 | 197 | 198 | 197 | 200 | 198 | 200 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | 111 | 143 | 130 | 132 | 132 | 123 | 118 | 104 | 104 | 105 | 100 | 111 | 135 | 138 | 146 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Johnson & Johnson | 116 | 112 | 109 | 86 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 72 | 78 | 82 | 80 | 51 | 78 | 78 | 84 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Merck & Co. Inc. | 129 | 138 | 138 | 118 | 123 | 126 | 116 | 93 | 106 | 106 | 113 | 105 | 120 | 99 | 121 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Pfizer Inc. | 207 | 173 | 155 | 120 | 124 | 113 | 91 | 63 | 94 | 96 | 96 | 93 | 123 | 175 | 226 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 640 | 607 | 562 | 555 | 558 | 564 | 564 | 584 | 490 | 420 | 326 | 345 | 476 | 544 | 655 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | 112 | 107 | 105 | 101 | 111 | 112 | 106 | 97 | 111 | 116 | 118 | 115 | 102 | 102 | 102 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 229 | 211 | 190 | 166 | 154 | 137 | 131 | 112 | 150 | 120 | 122 | 119 | 144 | 139 | 137 | — | — | — | — | ||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31).
1 Q3 2024 Calculation
Cash conversion cycle = Average inventory processing period + Average receivable collection period – Average payables payment period
= 91 + 115 – 82 = 124
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
- Inventory Processing Period
- The inventory processing period exhibits a significant decline over the observed timeline. Starting from over 2,000 days in early 2021, it gradually decreases to around 200 days by the end of 2021. This downward trend continues, reaching a notably low point of approximately 16 days in the first quarter of 2024. Subsequently, there are slight increases, but overall, inventory turnover has improved substantially, indicating enhanced inventory management and faster processing.
- Receivable Collection Period
- The average time to collect receivables also demonstrates a marked improvement. Initially exceeding 2,500 days in early 2021, it drops sharply to less than 100 days by the end of 2021 and continues to decline, reaching an impressive low single-digit value in the third quarter of 2023. However, there are some fluctuations in 2024, with increases in receivable collection periods noted towards mid and late 2024, which could suggest some variability in credit management or customer payment behavior during that period.
- Payables Payment Period
- The payable payment period shows greater variability without a clear long-term trend. It starts at approximately 845 days in early 2021, rapidly falling to below 50 days by the end of 2021. Afterwards, it fluctuates moderately between roughly 15 and 40 days through most of the subsequent quarters. An increase to over 80 days is noted towards the last quarter of 2024, indicating a potential extension in payment terms or a delay in settling payables.
- Cash Conversion Cycle
- The cash conversion cycle follows a trajectory similar to inventory and receivable collection periods. It starts from an extremely high level exceeding 3,800 days in early 2021, decreases dramatically through 2021 down to under 300 days, and continues to trend downward reaching near 20 days in mid-2024. A surge upward to over 120 days occurs in late 2024, suggesting a possible short-term decrease in operational efficiency or changes in working capital components within that period.
- Overall Insights
- The data reveals substantial improvement in working capital management over the multi-year span, notably from 2021 through 2023. Both inventory turnover and receivables collection have become significantly more efficient, substantially shortening the duration assets are tied up in operations. Payables payment periods, while variable, generally remain within a manageable range aside from a late increase. The overall cash conversion cycle reflects these improvements until a resurgence in 2024 indicates potential operational or financial shifts requiring attention.