Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

CAPM is a theory concentrated with deriving the expected rates of return on risky assets based on the assets’ systematic risk levels. Systematic risk is the variability of returns that is due to macroeconomic factors that affect all risky assets. It cannot be eliminated by diversification.

• Rates of Return
• Variance and Covariance
• Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
• Expected Rate of Return

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Measures the income of Target Corp. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Income Statement
Quarterly Data

The income statement (statement of earnings) reports on the performance of Target Corp., the result of its operating activities.

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures how efficiently Target Corp. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover

Analysis of Revenues

Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data

Examines Target Corp. capital structure in terms of the mix of its financing sources and the ability of the firm to satisfy its longer-term debt and investment obligations.

• Solvency Ratios (Summary)
• Debt to Equity
• Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Debt to Capital
• Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Debt to Assets
• Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Financial Leverage
• Interest Coverage

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the adequacy of a Target Corp. cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)

Free cash flow to the firm is the cash flow available to the Target Corp. suppliers of capital after all operating expenses have been paid and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made.

• Free Cash Flow to The Firm (FCFF)
• Interest Paid, Net of Tax
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Current
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Historical