Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
Current Valuation Ratios
Northrop Grumman Corp., current price multiples
| Northrop Grumman Corp. | Boeing Co. | General Dynamics Corp. | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Raytheon Technologies Corp. | Aerospace & Defense | Industrials | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data | ||||||||||
| Current share price (P) | $309.84 | |||||||||
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | 166,715,982 | |||||||||
| Growth rate (g) | 23.51% | |||||||||
| Earnings per share (EPS) | $13.48 | |||||||||
| Next year expected EPS | $16.65 | |||||||||
| Operating profit per share | $23.81 | |||||||||
| Sales per share | $202.99 | |||||||||
| Book value per share (BVPS) | $52.90 | |||||||||
| Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples) | ||||||||||
| Price to earnings (P/E) | 22.98 | — | 11.41 | 16.55 | 16.78 | 22.43 | 27.19 | |||
| Price to next year expected earnings | 18.60 | — | 9.65 | 8.50 | 15.18 | 18.50 | 24.88 | |||
| Price-earnings-growth (PEG) | 0.98 | — | 0.62 | 0.17 | 1.59 | 1.06 | 2.93 | |||
| Price to operating profit (P/OP) | 13.01 | — | 8.55 | 12.07 | 10.36 | 15.66 | 15.13 | |||
| Price to sales (P/S) | 1.53 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 1.72 | 1.21 | 1.32 | 2.00 | |||
| Price to book value (P/BV) | 5.86 | — | 2.93 | 32.98 | 2.22 | 6.44 | 6.84 | |||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30).
If the company price multiple is lower then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively undervalued.
Otherwise, if the company price multiple is higher then the price multiple of benchmark then company stock is relatively overvalued.
Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Northrop Grumman Corp., historical price multiples
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-01-29), 10-K (filing date: 2017-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-01).
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/E ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/OP ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly increased from 2018 to 2019. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/BV ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Northrop Grumman Corp., historical P/E calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 167,637,130 | 169,737,507 | 174,087,585 | 174,599,406 | 180,943,220 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Net earnings (in millions) | 2,248 | 3,229 | 2,015 | 2,200 | 1,990 | |
| Earnings per share (EPS)2 | 13.41 | 19.02 | 11.57 | 12.60 | 11.00 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 384.87 | 275.55 | 338.34 | 229.48 | 188.64 | |
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/E ratio4 | 28.70 | 14.48 | 29.23 | 18.21 | 17.15 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/E Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | — | 21.87 | 24.68 | 20.50 | 14.89 | |
| General Dynamics Corp. | 15.48 | 14.95 | 21.37 | 18.75 | 13.88 | |
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | 19.87 | 16.88 | 48.70 | 14.14 | 18.36 | |
| Raytheon Technologies Corp. | 24.41 | 19.74 | 21.97 | 17.55 | 9.31 | |
| P/E Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Aerospace & Defense | 33.01 | 18.82 | 26.47 | 17.62 | 13.56 | |
| P/E Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Industrials | 29.20 | 28.34 | 26.14 | 22.94 | 24.42 | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-01-29), 10-K (filing date: 2017-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-01).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
EPS = Net earnings ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 2,248,000,000 ÷ 167,637,130 = 13.41
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Northrop Grumman Corp.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= 384.87 ÷ 13.41 = 28.70
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/E ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Northrop Grumman Corp., historical P/OP calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 167,637,130 | 169,737,507 | 174,087,585 | 174,599,406 | 180,943,220 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Operating income (in millions) | 3,969 | 3,780 | 3,299 | 3,193 | 3,076 | |
| Operating profit per share2 | 23.68 | 22.27 | 18.95 | 18.29 | 17.00 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 384.87 | 275.55 | 338.34 | 229.48 | 188.64 | |
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/OP ratio4 | 16.26 | 12.37 | 17.85 | 12.55 | 11.10 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/OP Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | — | 19.08 | 19.69 | 17.20 | 10.36 | |
| General Dynamics Corp. | 11.61 | 11.22 | 14.90 | 12.86 | 9.85 | |
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | 14.49 | 11.62 | 16.47 | 13.51 | 12.17 | |
| Raytheon Technologies Corp. | 15.07 | 12.16 | 11.53 | 10.86 | 9.71 | |
| P/OP Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Aerospace & Defense | 23.05 | 14.26 | 16.10 | 13.29 | 10.55 | |
| P/OP Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Industrials | 16.25 | 13.65 | 15.18 | 15.32 | 12.52 | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-01-29), 10-K (filing date: 2017-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-01).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
Operating profit per share = Operating income ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 3,969,000,000 ÷ 167,637,130 = 23.68
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Northrop Grumman Corp.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= 384.87 ÷ 23.68 = 16.26
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/OP ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Northrop Grumman Corp., historical P/S calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 167,637,130 | 169,737,507 | 174,087,585 | 174,599,406 | 180,943,220 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Sales (in millions) | 33,841 | 30,095 | 25,803 | 24,508 | 23,526 | |
| Sales per share2 | 201.87 | 177.30 | 148.22 | 140.37 | 130.02 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 384.87 | 275.55 | 338.34 | 229.48 | 188.64 | |
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/S ratio4 | 1.91 | 1.55 | 2.28 | 1.63 | 1.45 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/S Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | 2.34 | 2.26 | 2.17 | 1.06 | 0.80 | |
| General Dynamics Corp. | 1.37 | 1.38 | 2.01 | 1.77 | 1.31 | |
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | 2.07 | 1.58 | 1.91 | 1.59 | 1.43 | |
| Raytheon Technologies Corp. | 1.75 | 1.56 | 1.67 | 1.55 | 1.26 | |
| P/S Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Aerospace & Defense | 1.94 | 1.79 | 2.00 | 1.41 | 1.14 | |
| P/S Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Industrials | 2.15 | 1.93 | 2.11 | 1.98 | 1.71 | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-01-29), 10-K (filing date: 2017-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-01).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
Sales per share = Sales ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 33,841,000,000 ÷ 167,637,130 = 201.87
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Northrop Grumman Corp.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= 384.87 ÷ 201.87 = 1.91
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/S ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly increased from 2018 to 2019. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Northrop Grumman Corp., historical P/BV calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. shares of common stock outstanding1 | 167,637,130 | 169,737,507 | 174,087,585 | 174,599,406 | 180,943,220 | |
| Selected Financial Data (US$) | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity (in millions) | 8,819 | 8,187 | 7,048 | 5,259 | 5,522 | |
| Book value per share (BVPS)2 | 52.61 | 48.23 | 40.49 | 30.12 | 30.52 | |
| Share price1, 3 | 384.87 | 275.55 | 338.34 | 229.48 | 188.64 | |
| Valuation Ratio | ||||||
| P/BV ratio4 | 7.32 | 5.71 | 8.36 | 7.62 | 6.18 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| P/BV Ratio, Competitors5 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | — | 674.83 | 569.92 | 122.80 | 12.17 | |
| General Dynamics Corp. | 3.97 | 4.26 | 5.44 | 5.05 | 3.83 | |
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | 39.60 | 61.11 | — | 49.61 | 21.37 | |
| Raytheon Technologies Corp. | 3.24 | 2.71 | 3.38 | 3.22 | 2.59 | |
| P/BV Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Aerospace & Defense | 9.49 | 8.57 | 10.91 | 7.79 | 5.45 | |
| P/BV Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Industrials | 7.35 | 6.80 | 6.24 | 5.70 | 4.29 | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (filing date: 2018-01-29), 10-K (filing date: 2017-01-30), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-01).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 2019 Calculation
BVPS = Shareholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= 8,819,000,000 ÷ 167,637,130 = 52.61
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Northrop Grumman Corp.’s Annual Report.
4 2019 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= 384.87 ÷ 52.61 = 7.32
5 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company’s required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Northrop Grumman Corp.’s P/BV ratio decreased from 2017 to 2018 but then increased from 2018 to 2019 not reaching 2017 level. |