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Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company’s debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Norfolk Southern Corp., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
| CSX Corp. | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | ||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | ||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-04), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2020 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Norfolk Southern Corp.’s ROIC improved from 2018 to 2019 but then deteriorated significantly from 2019 to 2020. |
Decomposition of ROIC
Norfolk Southern Corp., decomposition of ROIC
| ROIC | = | OPM1 | × | TO2 | × | 1 – CTR3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 31, 2020 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2019 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2018 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2017 | = | × | × | ||||
| Dec 31, 2016 | = | × | × |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-04), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the decrease in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2020 year is the decrease in efficiency measured by turnover of capital (TO) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Norfolk Southern Corp., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | ||||||
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | ||||||
| Railway operating revenues | ||||||
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| OPM3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
| CSX Corp. | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | ||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | ||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-04), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2020 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Railway operating revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Norfolk Southern Corp.’s OPM improved from 2018 to 2019 but then deteriorated significantly from 2019 to 2020. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Norfolk Southern Corp., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Railway operating revenues | ||||||
| Invested capital1 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
| CSX Corp. | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | ||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | ||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-04), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2020 Calculation
TO = Railway operating revenues ÷ Invested capital
= ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Norfolk Southern Corp.’s TO deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Norfolk Southern Corp., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | ||||||
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | ||||||
| Tax Rate | ||||||
| CTR3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
| CSX Corp. | ||||||
| FedEx Corp. | ||||||
| Union Pacific Corp. | ||||||
| United Parcel Service Inc. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-04), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-06).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2020 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | Norfolk Southern Corp.’s CTR decreased from 2018 to 2019 but then slightly increased from 2019 to 2020. |