Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data
Solvency ratios also known as long-term debt ratios measure a company ability to meet long-term obligations.
Solvency Ratios (Summary)
HP Inc., solvency ratios (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-01-31).
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | HP Inc. debt to capital ratio improved from Q1 2019 to Q2 2019 and from Q2 2019 to Q3 2019. |
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | HP Inc. debt to assets ratio deteriorated from Q1 2019 to Q2 2019 but then slightly improved from Q2 2019 to Q3 2019. |
Debt to Equity
HP Inc., debt to equity calculation (quarterly data)
| Jul 31, 2019 | Apr 30, 2019 | Jan 31, 2019 | Oct 31, 2018 | Jul 31, 2018 | Apr 30, 2018 | Jan 31, 2018 | Oct 31, 2017 | Jul 31, 2017 | Apr 30, 2017 | Jan 31, 2017 | Oct 31, 2016 | Jul 31, 2016 | Apr 30, 2016 | Jan 31, 2016 | Oct 31, 2015 | Jul 31, 2015 | Apr 30, 2015 | Jan 31, 2015 | Oct 31, 2014 | Jul 31, 2014 | Apr 30, 2014 | Jan 31, 2014 | Oct 31, 2013 | Jul 31, 2013 | Apr 30, 2013 | Jan 31, 2013 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable and short-term borrowings | 328) | 290) | 297) | 1,463) | 2,681) | 1,617) | 1,529) | 1,072) | 1,062) | 110) | 100) | 78) | 75) | 64) | 49) | 2,885) | 11,034) | 5,594) | 3,509) | 3,486) | 2,705) | 5,396) | 6,621) | 5,979) | 7,624) | 6,928) | 6,475) | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 4,730) | 4,749) | 4,706) | 4,524) | 4,503) | 4,494) | 6,340) | 6,747) | 6,744) | 6,710) | 6,688) | 6,758) | 6,760) | 6,708) | 6,683) | 21,780) | 14,468) | 15,464) | 15,552) | 16,039) | 17,128) | 17,190) | 17,971) | 16,608) | 17,124) | 19,863) | 21,752) | ||||||||
| Total debt | 5,058) | 5,039) | 5,003) | 5,987) | 7,184) | 6,111) | 7,869) | 7,819) | 7,806) | 6,820) | 6,788) | 6,836) | 6,835) | 6,772) | 6,732) | 24,665) | 25,502) | 21,058) | 19,061) | 19,525) | 19,833) | 22,586) | 24,592) | 22,587) | 24,748) | 26,791) | 28,227) | ||||||||
| Total HP stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (1,131) | (1,487) | (1,837) | (639) | (1,767) | (1,863) | (2,742) | (3,408) | (4,339) | (3,955) | (4,327) | (3,889) | (3,926) | (4,786) | (4,909) | 27,768) | 27,035) | 26,768) | 26,507) | 26,731) | 28,509) | 28,185) | 27,754) | 27,269) | 24,603) | 23,533) | 22,895) | ||||||||
| Solvency Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to equity1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 1.23 | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Equity, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apple Inc. | 1.12 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.87 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.55 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.09 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-01-31).
1 Q3 2019 Calculation
Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total HP stockholders’ equity (deficit)
= 5,058 ÷ -1,131 = —
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Debt to Capital
HP Inc., debt to capital calculation (quarterly data)
| Jul 31, 2019 | Apr 30, 2019 | Jan 31, 2019 | Oct 31, 2018 | Jul 31, 2018 | Apr 30, 2018 | Jan 31, 2018 | Oct 31, 2017 | Jul 31, 2017 | Apr 30, 2017 | Jan 31, 2017 | Oct 31, 2016 | Jul 31, 2016 | Apr 30, 2016 | Jan 31, 2016 | Oct 31, 2015 | Jul 31, 2015 | Apr 30, 2015 | Jan 31, 2015 | Oct 31, 2014 | Jul 31, 2014 | Apr 30, 2014 | Jan 31, 2014 | Oct 31, 2013 | Jul 31, 2013 | Apr 30, 2013 | Jan 31, 2013 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable and short-term borrowings | 328) | 290) | 297) | 1,463) | 2,681) | 1,617) | 1,529) | 1,072) | 1,062) | 110) | 100) | 78) | 75) | 64) | 49) | 2,885) | 11,034) | 5,594) | 3,509) | 3,486) | 2,705) | 5,396) | 6,621) | 5,979) | 7,624) | 6,928) | 6,475) | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 4,730) | 4,749) | 4,706) | 4,524) | 4,503) | 4,494) | 6,340) | 6,747) | 6,744) | 6,710) | 6,688) | 6,758) | 6,760) | 6,708) | 6,683) | 21,780) | 14,468) | 15,464) | 15,552) | 16,039) | 17,128) | 17,190) | 17,971) | 16,608) | 17,124) | 19,863) | 21,752) | ||||||||
| Total debt | 5,058) | 5,039) | 5,003) | 5,987) | 7,184) | 6,111) | 7,869) | 7,819) | 7,806) | 6,820) | 6,788) | 6,836) | 6,835) | 6,772) | 6,732) | 24,665) | 25,502) | 21,058) | 19,061) | 19,525) | 19,833) | 22,586) | 24,592) | 22,587) | 24,748) | 26,791) | 28,227) | ||||||||
| Total HP stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (1,131) | (1,487) | (1,837) | (639) | (1,767) | (1,863) | (2,742) | (3,408) | (4,339) | (3,955) | (4,327) | (3,889) | (3,926) | (4,786) | (4,909) | 27,768) | 27,035) | 26,768) | 26,507) | 26,731) | 28,509) | 28,185) | 27,754) | 27,269) | 24,603) | 23,533) | 22,895) | ||||||||
| Total capital | 3,927) | 3,552) | 3,166) | 5,348) | 5,417) | 4,248) | 5,127) | 4,411) | 3,467) | 2,865) | 2,461) | 2,947) | 2,909) | 1,986) | 1,823) | 52,433) | 52,537) | 47,826) | 45,568) | 46,256) | 48,342) | 50,771) | 52,346) | 49,856) | 49,351) | 50,324) | 51,122) | ||||||||
| Solvency Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to capital1 | 1.29 | 1.42 | 1.58 | 1.12 | 1.33 | 1.44 | 1.53 | 1.77 | 2.25 | 2.38 | 2.76 | 2.32 | 2.35 | 3.41 | 3.69 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.55 | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Capital, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apple Inc. | 0.53 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.08 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-01-31).
1 Q3 2019 Calculation
Debt to capital = Total debt ÷ Total capital
= 5,058 ÷ 3,927 = 1.29
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to capital ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total debt plus shareholders’ equity. | HP Inc. debt to capital ratio improved from Q1 2019 to Q2 2019 and from Q2 2019 to Q3 2019. |
Debt to Assets
HP Inc., debt to assets calculation (quarterly data)
| Jul 31, 2019 | Apr 30, 2019 | Jan 31, 2019 | Oct 31, 2018 | Jul 31, 2018 | Apr 30, 2018 | Jan 31, 2018 | Oct 31, 2017 | Jul 31, 2017 | Apr 30, 2017 | Jan 31, 2017 | Oct 31, 2016 | Jul 31, 2016 | Apr 30, 2016 | Jan 31, 2016 | Oct 31, 2015 | Jul 31, 2015 | Apr 30, 2015 | Jan 31, 2015 | Oct 31, 2014 | Jul 31, 2014 | Apr 30, 2014 | Jan 31, 2014 | Oct 31, 2013 | Jul 31, 2013 | Apr 30, 2013 | Jan 31, 2013 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable and short-term borrowings | 328) | 290) | 297) | 1,463) | 2,681) | 1,617) | 1,529) | 1,072) | 1,062) | 110) | 100) | 78) | 75) | 64) | 49) | 2,885) | 11,034) | 5,594) | 3,509) | 3,486) | 2,705) | 5,396) | 6,621) | 5,979) | 7,624) | 6,928) | 6,475) | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, excluding current portion | 4,730) | 4,749) | 4,706) | 4,524) | 4,503) | 4,494) | 6,340) | 6,747) | 6,744) | 6,710) | 6,688) | 6,758) | 6,760) | 6,708) | 6,683) | 21,780) | 14,468) | 15,464) | 15,552) | 16,039) | 17,128) | 17,190) | 17,971) | 16,608) | 17,124) | 19,863) | 21,752) | ||||||||
| Total debt | 5,058) | 5,039) | 5,003) | 5,987) | 7,184) | 6,111) | 7,869) | 7,819) | 7,806) | 6,820) | 6,788) | 6,836) | 6,835) | 6,772) | 6,732) | 24,665) | 25,502) | 21,058) | 19,061) | 19,525) | 19,833) | 22,586) | 24,592) | 22,587) | 24,748) | 26,791) | 28,227) | ||||||||
| Total assets | 32,405) | 31,946) | 32,490) | 34,622) | 34,254) | 32,087) | 35,245) | 32,913) | 31,934) | 28,686) | 28,192) | 29,010) | 27,224) | 25,523) | 25,517) | 106,882) | 107,033) | 101,396) | 100,861) | 103,206) | 103,170) | 103,972) | 105,025) | 105,676) | 105,800) | 106,254) | 106,701) | ||||||||
| Solvency Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to assets1 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt to Assets, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apple Inc. | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-01-31).
1 Q3 2019 Calculation
Debt to assets = Total debt ÷ Total assets
= 5,058 ÷ 32,405 = 0.16
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to assets ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as total debt divided by total assets. | HP Inc. debt to assets ratio deteriorated from Q1 2019 to Q2 2019 but then slightly improved from Q2 2019 to Q3 2019. |
Financial Leverage
HP Inc., financial leverage calculation (quarterly data)
| Jul 31, 2019 | Apr 30, 2019 | Jan 31, 2019 | Oct 31, 2018 | Jul 31, 2018 | Apr 30, 2018 | Jan 31, 2018 | Oct 31, 2017 | Jul 31, 2017 | Apr 30, 2017 | Jan 31, 2017 | Oct 31, 2016 | Jul 31, 2016 | Apr 30, 2016 | Jan 31, 2016 | Oct 31, 2015 | Jul 31, 2015 | Apr 30, 2015 | Jan 31, 2015 | Oct 31, 2014 | Jul 31, 2014 | Apr 30, 2014 | Jan 31, 2014 | Oct 31, 2013 | Jul 31, 2013 | Apr 30, 2013 | Jan 31, 2013 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 32,405) | 31,946) | 32,490) | 34,622) | 34,254) | 32,087) | 35,245) | 32,913) | 31,934) | 28,686) | 28,192) | 29,010) | 27,224) | 25,523) | 25,517) | 106,882) | 107,033) | 101,396) | 100,861) | 103,206) | 103,170) | 103,972) | 105,025) | 105,676) | 105,800) | 106,254) | 106,701) | ||||||||
| Total HP stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (1,131) | (1,487) | (1,837) | (639) | (1,767) | (1,863) | (2,742) | (3,408) | (4,339) | (3,955) | (4,327) | (3,889) | (3,926) | (4,786) | (4,909) | 27,768) | 27,035) | 26,768) | 26,507) | 26,731) | 28,509) | 28,185) | 27,754) | 27,269) | 24,603) | 23,533) | 22,895) | ||||||||
| Solvency Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial leverage1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.85 | 3.96 | 3.79 | 3.81 | 3.86 | 3.62 | 3.69 | 3.78 | 3.88 | 4.30 | 4.52 | 4.66 | ||||||||
| Benchmarks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Leverage, Competitors2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apple Inc. | 3.34 | 3.23 | 3.17 | 3.41 | 3.04 | 2.90 | 2.90 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Arista Networks Inc. | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Cisco Systems Inc. | 2.64 | 2.51 | 2.40 | 2.52 | 2.44 | 2.53 | 1.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Super Micro Computer Inc. | 1.76 | 1.93 | 1.99 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2018-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2017-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2016-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2015-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2014-01-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-10-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-07-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-04-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2013-01-31).
1 Q3 2019 Calculation
Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total HP stockholders’ equity (deficit)
= 32,405 ÷ -1,131 = —
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.