.Analysis of Operating Leases
Difficulty: Advanced
An operating lease is treated like a rental contract. Neither the leased asset nor the associated liability is reported on the lessee statement of financial position, but the rights may be very similar to the rights of an owner. The lessee only records the lease payments as a rental expense in income statement.
Operating Leases Accounting Policy
Facebook enters into lease arrangements for office space, land, facilities, data centers, and equipment under non-cancelable capital and operating leases. Certain of the operating lease agreements contain rent holidays, rent escalation provisions, and purchase options. Rent holidays and rent escalation provisions are considered in determining the straight-line rent expense to be recorded over the lease term. The lease term begins on the date of initial possession of the leased property for purposes of recognizing lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Facebook does not assume renewals in the determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured at lease inception.
Facebook records assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred by third parties under build-to-suit lease arrangements to the extent that Facebook is involved in the construction of structural improvements or bear construction risk prior to commencement of a lease.
Source: Facebook Inc., Annual Report
Present Value of Future Operating Lease Payments
Facebook Inc., future operating lease payments
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Total undiscounted future operating lease payments1 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Discount rate2 | % | % | % | % | % |
| | Total present value of future operating lease payments (USD $ in millions) | |||||
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
2 Internal rate of return on capital leases
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported)1 | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||
| 2023 and thereafter | 2023 | |||
| 2024 | ||||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total: |
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported)1 | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||
| 2022 and thereafter | 2022 | |||
| 2023 | ||||
| 2024 | ||||
| 2025 | ||||
| Total: |
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported)1 | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2016 | |||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 and thereafter | 2021 | |||
| 2022 | ||||
| 2023 | ||||
| Total: |
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported)1 | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2015 | |||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 and thereafter | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | ||||
| 2022 | ||||
| Total: |
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported)1 | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 2014 | |||
| 2015 | 2015 | |||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 and thereafter | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | ||||
| 2021 | ||||
| Total: |
1 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
Analyst Adjustments for Operating Leases
Facebook Inc., adjustments to financial data
USD $ in millions
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustment to Total Assets | ||||||
| | Total assets (as reported) | |||||
| | Add: Operating leased assets1 | |||||
| | Total assets (adjusted) | |||||
| Adjustment to Total Debt | ||||||
| | Total debt (as reported) | |||||
| | Add: Operating lease obligations2 | |||||
| | Total debt (adjusted) | |||||
| Adjustment to Earnings before Interest and Tax (EBIT) | ||||||
| | EBIT3 (as reported) | |||||
| | Add-back: Operating lease expenses4 | |||||
| | Less: Depreciation expense, operating leased assets5 | |||||
| | EBIT (adjusted) | |||||
| Adjustment to Interest Expense | ||||||
| | Interest expense (as reported) | |||||
| | Add: Interest expense, operating lease obligations6 | |||||
| | Interest expense (adjusted) | |||||
1, 2 Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments. See Details »
4 Source: Facebook Inc. Annual Reports
Adjusted Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)
Facebook Inc., adjusted ratios
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Asset Turnover1 | ||||||
| | Reported total asset turnover | |||||
| | Adjusted total asset turnover | |||||
| Debt to Equity2 | ||||||
| | Reported debt to equity | |||||
| | Adjusted debt to equity | |||||
| Return on Assets3 (ROA) | ||||||
| | Reported ROA | % | % | % | % | % |
| | Adjusted ROA | % | % | % | % | % |
| Interest Coverage4 | ||||||
| | Reported interest coverage | |||||
| | Adjusted interest coverage | |||||
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
| Adjusted debt-to-equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders' equity. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted debt-to-equity deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted ROA improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
| Adjusted interest coverage | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted EBIT divided by adjusted interest payments. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted interest coverage improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Reported | ||||||
| | Revenue (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Total assets (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Total asset turnover1 | |||||
| Adjusted for Operating Leases | ||||||
| | Revenue (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted total assets (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted total asset turnover2 | |||||
2017 Calculations
1 Total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted total asset turnover improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Adjusted Debt to Equity
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Reported | ||||||
| | Total debt (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Stockholders' equity (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Debt to equity1 | |||||
| Adjusted for Operating Leases | ||||||
| | Adjusted total debt (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Stockholders' equity (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted debt to equity2 | |||||
2017 Calculations
1 Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Stockholders' equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Stockholders' equity
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted debt-to-equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders' equity. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted debt-to-equity deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Reported | ||||||
| | Net income (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Total assets (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | ROA1 | % | % | % | % | % |
| Adjusted for Operating Leases | ||||||
| | Net income (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted total assets (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted ROA2 | % | % | % | % | % |
2017 Calculations
1 ROA = 100 × Net income ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ = %
2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Net income ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ = %
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted ROA improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Adjusted Interest Coverage
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Reported | ||||||
| | Earnings before interest and tax1 (EBIT) (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Interest expense (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Interest coverage2 | |||||
| Adjusted for Operating Leases | ||||||
| | Adjusted EBIT (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted interest expense (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Adjusted interest coverage3 | |||||
2017 Calculations
2 Interest coverage = EBIT ÷ Interest expense
= ÷ =
3 Adjusted interest coverage = Adjusted EBIT ÷ Adjusted interest expense
= ÷ =
| Ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted interest coverage ratio | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted EBIT divided by adjusted interest payments. | Facebook Inc.'s adjusted interest coverage ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017. |
Estimation of Depreciation Expense, Operating Leased Assets
USD $ in millions
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Operating lease expenses1 | |||||
| | Less: Estimated interest expense, operating lease obligations2 | |||||
| | Estimated depreciation expense, operating leased assets |
1 Source: Facebook Inc., Annual Reports
Estimation of Interest Expense, Operating Lease Obligations
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Operating leased assets, at beginning of year1 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Discount rate2 | % | % | % | % | % |
| | Estimated interest expense, operating lease obligations3 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
2 Internal rate of return on capital leases
2017 Calculations
3 Estimated interest expense, operating lease obligations = Operating leased assets, at beginning of year × Discount rate
= × =
Present Value of Operating Lease Payments, at Beginning of Year
| Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Total present value of future operating lease payments1 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Operating lease expenses2 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
| | Discount rate3 | % | % | % | % | % |
| | Total present value of operating lease payments, at beginning of year4 (USD $ in millions) | |||||
1 Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments. See Details »
2 Source: Facebook Inc., Annual Reports
3 Internal rate of return on capital leases
2017 Calculations
4 Total present value of operating lease payments, at beginning of year = (Total present value of future operating lease payments + Operating lease expenses) ÷ (1 + Discount rate)
= ( + ) ÷ (1 + %) =
