Biogen Inc. (BIIB)

The provision for income taxes includes federal, state, local and foreign taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Biogen evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.

All tax effects associated with intercompany transfers of assets within Biogen's consolidated group, both current and deferred, are recorded as a prepaid tax or deferred charge and recognized through the consolidated statements of income when the asset transferred is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through amortization of the asset's remaining economic life. If the asset transferred becomes impaired, for example through the obsolescence of inventory or discontinuation of a research program, Biogen will expense any remaining deferred charge or prepaid tax.

Biogen accounts for uncertain tax positions using a "more-likely-than-not" threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. Biogen evaluates uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis and considers various factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, information obtained during in process audit activities and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. Biogen also accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Source: Biogen Inc., Annual Report

Biogen Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

USD $ in thousands

Source: Based on data from Biogen Inc. Annual Reports

Item	Description	The company
Current	The component of income tax expense for the period representing amounts of income taxes paid or payable (or refundable) for the period for all income tax obligations as determined by applying the provisions of relevant enacted tax laws to relevant amounts of taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.	Biogen Inc.'s current increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Deferred	The component of income tax expense for the period representing the net change in the entity's deferred tax assets and liabilities pertaining to continuing operations.	Biogen Inc.'s deferred declined from 2015 to 2016 but then increased from 2016 to 2017 exceeding 2015 level.
Income tax expense	The sum of the current income tax expense (benefit) and the deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations; income tax expense (benefit) may include interest and penalties on tax uncertainties based on the entity's accounting policy.	Biogen Inc.'s income tax expense increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Biogen Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

Source: Based on data from Biogen Inc. Annual Reports

Item	Description	The company
Effective tax rate	A ratio calculated by dividing the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the period by GAAP-basis pretax income from continuing operations.	Biogen Inc.'s effective tax rate increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Biogen Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

USD $ in thousands

Source: Based on data from Biogen Inc. Annual Reports

Item	Description	The company
Deferred tax assets, gross	The sum of the tax effects as of the balance sheet date of the amounts of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws (before the valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such sum amount to net realizable value). Includes any tax benefit realized in deferred tax assets for significant impacts of tax planning strategies.	Biogen Inc.'s deferred tax assets, gross increased from 2015 to 2016 but then declined significantly from 2016 to 2017.
Deferred tax assets	The aggregate tax effects as of the balance sheet date of all future tax deductions arising from temporary differences between tax basis and generally accepted accounting principles basis recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, which can only be deducted for tax purposes when permitted under enacted tax laws; net of deducting the allocated valuation allowance, if any, to reduce such amount to net realizable value.	Biogen Inc.'s deferred tax assets increased from 2015 to 2016 but then declined significantly from 2016 to 2017.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities, net	For entities that net deferred tax assets and tax liabilities, represents the unclassified net amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, which result from applying the applicable enacted tax rate to net temporary differences and carryforwards pertaining to assets or liabilities. A temporary difference is a difference between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount in the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that will reverse in ensuing periods.	Biogen Inc.'s deferred tax assets and liabilities, net increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly declined from 2016 to 2017.

Biogen Inc., adjustments to financial data

USD $ in thousands

Biogen Inc., adjusted ratios

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted financial leverage declined from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders' equity.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

2017 Calculations

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

2017 Calculations

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted financial leverage declined from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

2017 Calculations

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders' equity.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

2017 Calculations

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Biogen Inc.'s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.