Biogen Inc. (BIIB)
Financial Reporting Quality: Aggregate Accruals
Advanced level
Earnings can be decomposed into cash and accrual components. The accrual component (aggregate accruals) has been found to have less persistence than the cash component, and therefore (1) earnings with higher accrual component are less persistent than earnings with smaller accrual component, all else equal; and (2) the cash component of earnings should receive a higher weighting evaluating company performance.
Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
Biogen Inc., balance sheet computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in thousands
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Assets | ||||||
| Total assets | 25,288,900 | 23,652,600 | 22,876,800 | 19,504,800 | 14,316,559 | |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 1,224,600 | 1,573,800 | 2,326,500 | 1,308,000 | 1,204,924 | |
| Less: Marketable securities | 2,313,400 | 2,115,200 | 2,568,600 | 2,120,500 | 640,460 | |
| Operating assets | 21,750,900 | 19,963,600 | 17,981,700 | 16,076,300 | 12,471,175 | |
| Operating Liabilities | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 12,257,300 | 11,054,500 | 10,748,200 | 10,129,900 | 3,502,519 | |
| Less: Current portion of notes payable | — | 3,200 | 4,700 | 4,800 | 3,136 | |
| Less: Notes payable, excluding current portion | 5,936,500 | 5,935,000 | 6,512,700 | 6,521,500 | 582,061 | |
| Operating liabilities | 6,320,800 | 5,116,300 | 4,230,800 | 3,603,600 | 2,917,322 | |
| Net operating assets1 | 15,430,100 | 14,847,300 | 13,750,900 | 12,472,700 | 9,553,853 | |
| Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals2 | 582,800 | 1,096,400 | 1,278,200 | 2,918,847 | — | |
| Financial Ratio | ||||||
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio3 | 3.85% | 7.67% | 9.75% | 26.50% | — | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Abbott Laboratories | -6.71% | 69.42% | -1.06% | -3.34% | — | |
| AbbVie Inc. | -31.42% | -7.02% | 25.20% | 105.82% | — | |
| Allergan PLC | -11.32% | 1.78% | -21.00% | 92.17% | — | |
| Amgen Inc. | -9.88% | -33.04% | -6.85% | -4.19% | — | |
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | -3.17% | -24.97% | -0.82% | 9.08% | — | |
| Eli Lilly & Co. | -10.27% | -5.99% | 1.26% | -2.72% | — | |
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | -41.29% | -16.94% | 23.56% | 38.29% | — | |
| Johnson & Johnson | -8.03% | 31.51% | 5.55% | -5.16% | — | |
| Merck & Co. Inc. | -15.70% | -0.65% | -12.97% | 6.02% | — | |
| Pfizer Inc. | -9.34% | 12.36% | 4.12% | 11.13% | — | |
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 20.14% | 33.15% | 26.37% | 34.77% | — | |
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 107.36% | -28.26% | -16.44% | 48.69% | — | |
| Zoetis Inc. | 29.08% | -1.25% | 8.66% | 15.71% | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology | -11.08% | 8.50% | -1.64% | 200.00% | — | |
| Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | -2.35% | 8.21% | 1.00% | 200.00% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-01), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-02), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-04).
1 2018 Calculation
Net operating assets = Operating assets – Operating liabilities
= 21,750,900 – 6,320,800 = 15,430,100
2 2018 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals = Net operating assets2018 – Net operating assets2017
= 15,430,100 – 14,847,300 = 582,800
3 2018 Calculation
Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio = 100 × Balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 582,800 ÷ [(15,430,100 + 14,847,300) ÷ 2] = 3.85%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Balance-sheet-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing balance-sheet-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the balance-sheet-based accruals ratio, Biogen Inc. improved earnings quality from 2017 to 2018. |
Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio
Biogen Inc., cash flow statement computation of aggregate accruals
US$ in thousands
| Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income attributable to Biogen Inc. | 4,430,700 | 2,539,100 | 3,702,800 | 3,547,000 | 2,934,784 | |
| Less: Net cash flows provided by operating activities | 6,187,700 | 4,551,000 | 4,522,400 | 3,716,100 | 2,942,115 | |
| Less: Net cash flows used in investing activities | (2,046,300) | (2,963,100) | (2,484,800) | (4,553,600) | (1,542,976) | |
| Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals | 289,300 | 951,200 | 1,665,200 | 4,384,500 | 1,535,645 | |
| Financial Ratio | ||||||
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio1 | 1.91% | 6.65% | 12.70% | 39.81% | — | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Abbott Laboratories | -5.39% | 12.34% | -6.46% | 4.27% | — | |
| AbbVie Inc. | -23.85% | -12.92% | 16.02% | 59.26% | — | |
| Allergan PLC | -15.00% | -9.44% | -10.08% | 45.11% | — | |
| Amgen Inc. | -95.70% | -22.85% | 22.06% | 11.81% | — | |
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. | -1.14% | -28.29% | 0.76% | 8.10% | — | |
| Eli Lilly & Co. | -25.54% | -11.43% | 5.63% | -2.13% | — | |
| Gilead Sciences Inc. | -73.15% | 28.23% | 29.15% | 45.78% | — | |
| Johnson & Johnson | -5.08% | -7.40% | 4.68% | 7.15% | — | |
| Merck & Co. Inc. | -19.26% | -13.29% | -5.97% | -5.73% | — | |
| Pfizer Inc. | -10.12% | 10.69% | -1.06% | -5.98% | — | |
| Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 28.32% | 19.22% | 13.64% | 8.37% | — | |
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 85.08% | -22.04% | -55.81% | -65.13% | — | |
| Zoetis Inc. | 31.33% | -4.07% | 6.41% | 17.73% | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Sector | ||||||
| Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology | -16.51% | -2.50% | 1.94% | 26.99% | — | |
| Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio, Industry | ||||||
| Health Care | -7.81% | -0.36% | 3.03% | 30.12% | — | |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-06), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-01), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-02), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-03), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-04).
1 2018 Calculation
Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio = 100 × Cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals ÷ Avg. net operating assets
= 100 × 289,300 ÷ [(15,430,100 + 14,847,300) ÷ 2] = 1.91%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio | Ratio is found by dividing cash-flow-statement-based aggregate accruals by average net operating assets. | Using the cash-flow-statement-based accruals ratio, Biogen Inc. improved earnings quality from 2017 to 2018. |