Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable (bad debts) is a contra account which reduce the balance of the company gross accounts receivable. The relationship between the allowance and the balance in receivables should be relatively constant unless there is a change in the economy overall or a change in customer base.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2016-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31).
1 2019 Calculation
Allowance as a percentage of accounts and notes receivable, trade, gross = 100 × Allowance for doubtful receivables ÷ Accounts and notes receivable, trade, gross
= 100 × 9 ÷ 3,016 = 0.30%
Between 2015 and 2019, a significant volatility in accounts receivable and the associated allowance for doubtful accounts is observed. The period is characterized by an initial expansion of the receivables portfolio followed by a sharp contraction in the final year.
- Gross Accounts and Notes Receivable Trends
- Gross trade receivables experienced moderate growth from 2015 to 2016, followed by a substantial increase in 2017, where the balance more than doubled to 11,441 million US$. This upward trajectory continued slightly into 2018, peaking at 12,567 million US$. However, 2019 marked a severe decline, with gross receivables falling to 3,016 million US$, representing a reduction of approximately 76% from the previous year's peak.
- Allowance for Doubtful Receivables Analysis
- The absolute value of the allowance for doubtful receivables grew steadily from 94 million US$ in 2015 to 191 million US$ in 2018. This growth suggests an increasing anticipation of credit losses in tandem with the expanding receivables balance. This trend reversed abruptly in 2019, as the allowance plummeted to 9 million US$, a decrease of over 95% compared to 2018 levels.
- Allowance as a Percentage of Gross Receivables
- The ratio of the allowance to gross receivables remained relatively stable between 2.25% and 2.30% from 2015 to 2016. In 2017, despite the surge in gross receivables, the ratio dropped to 1.11%, indicating that the allowance did not scale proportionally with the growth of the asset. While the ratio recovered slightly to 1.52% in 2018, it reached a historical low of 0.30% in 2019.
- Overall Credit Risk Interpretation
- The dramatic shift in both the total receivables and the allowance in 2019 suggests a fundamental change in the balance sheet structure, likely resulting from a major divestiture or corporate restructuring. The collapse of the allowance ratio to 0.30% indicates a significant reduction in the estimated risk of non-payment relative to the remaining receivables portfolio.
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