Accounting Policy on Inventory
Inventory Disclosure
Adjustment to Inventory: Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
Adjusted Financial Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The method of determining cost for each subsidiary varies among last-in, first-out (“LIFO”); first-in, first-out (“FIFO”); and average cost, and is used consistently from year to year. At December 31, 2018, approximately 19 percent, 61 percent and 20 percent of DowDuPont’s inventories were accounted for under the LIFO, FIFO and average cost methods, respectively. At December 31, 2017, approximately 18 percent, 63 percent and 19 percent of DowDuPont’s inventories were accounted for under the LIFO, FIFO and average cost methods, respectively.

DowDuPont routinely exchanges and swaps raw materials and finished goods with other companies to reduce delivery time, freight and other transportation costs. These transactions are treated as non-monetary exchanges and are valued at cost.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11).

DuPont de Nemours Inc., balance sheet: inventory

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Finished goods
	Work in process
	Raw materials
	Supplies
	FIFO inventories
	Adjustment of inventories to a LIFO basis
	Inventories

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Inventories	Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s inventories increased from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly declined from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusting LIFO Inventory to FIFO (Current) Cost

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Inventories
	Inventories at LIFO (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Inventories at FIFO (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total DuPont’s Stockholders’ Equity
	Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income Attributable To DuPont
	Net income attributable to DuPont (as reported)
	Add: Increase (decrease) in inventory LIFO reserve
	Net income attributable to DuPont (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s inventory value on Dec 31, 2018 would be $16,523 (in millions) if the FIFO inventory method was used instead of LIFO. DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s inventories, valued on a LIFO basis, on Dec 31, 2018 were $16,621 . DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s inventories would have been $(98) higher than reported on Dec 31, 2018 if the FIFO method had been used instead.

DuPont de Nemours Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

DuPont de Nemours Inc., adjusted financial ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio (LIFO)
	Adjusted current ratio (FIFO)
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin (LIFO)
	Adjusted net profit margin (FIFO)
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover (LIFO)
	Adjusted total asset turnover (FIFO)
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage (LIFO)
	Adjusted financial leverage (FIFO)
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROE (FIFO)
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROA (FIFO)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio declined from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly increased from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

DuPont de Nemours Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Liquidity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to DuPont
	Net sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont
	Net sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Net sales
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Net sales
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net sales
	Total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net sales
	Adjusted total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Net sales ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
	Solvency Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio declined from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly increased from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to DuPont
	Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont
	Adjusted total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Adjusted total DuPont’s stockholders’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income attributable to DuPont
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted: After Conversion from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont
	Adjusted total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-11), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to DuPont ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly improved from 2017 to 2018.

	DuPont de Nemours Inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

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Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

DuPont de Nemours Inc. (DD)

Analysis of Inventory

Accounting Policy on Inventory

Inventory Disclosure

Adjustment to Inventory: Conversion from LIFO to FIFO

DuPont de Nemours Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)

DuPont de Nemours Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)