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Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
Economic Profit
Mondelēz International Inc., economic profit calculation
US$ in millions
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2020 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic profit | Economic profit is a measure of corporate performance computed by taking the spread between the return on invested capital and the cost of capital, and multiplying by the invested capital. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s economic profit decreased from 2018 to 2019 but then increased from 2019 to 2020 not reaching 2018 level. |
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Mondelēz International Inc., NOPAT calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowances for credit losses.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in restructuring Program liability.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International.
5 2020 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
6 2020 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense, debt = Adjusted interest expense, debt × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
7 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International.
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| NOPAT | Net operating profit after taxes is income from operations, but after removement of taxes calculated on cash basis that are relevant to operating income. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s NOPAT decreased from 2018 to 2019 but then increased from 2019 to 2020 exceeding 2018 level. |
Cash Operating Taxes
Mondelēz International Inc., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Cash operating taxes | Cash operating taxes are estimated by adjusting income tax expense for changes in deferred taxes and tax benefit from the interest deduction. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s cash operating taxes increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Invested Capital
Mondelēz International Inc., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of restructuring Program liability.
5 Addition of equity equivalents to total Mondelēz International shareholders’ equity.
6 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
7 Subtraction of construction in progress.
| Item | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Invested capital | Capital is an approximation of the economic book value of all cash invested in going-concern business activities. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s invested capital increased from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020. |
Cost of Capital
Mondelēz International Inc., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 35.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Mondelēz International Inc., economic spread ratio calculation
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2020 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic spread ratio | The ratio of economic profit to invested capital, also equal to the difference between return on invested capital (ROIC) and cost of capital. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s economic spread ratio deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then improved from 2019 to 2020 not reaching 2018 level. |
Economic Profit Margin
Mondelēz International Inc., economic profit margin calculation
| Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Net revenues | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2021-02-05), 10-K (filing date: 2020-02-07), 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-08), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-09), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2020 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Net revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Economic profit margin | The ratio of economic profit to sales. It is the company’s profit margin covering income efficiency and asset management. Economic profit margin is not biased in favor of capital-intensive business models, because any added capital is a cost to the economic profit margin. | Mondelēz International Inc.’s economic profit margin deteriorated from 2018 to 2019 but then improved from 2019 to 2020 not reaching 2018 level. |