Stock Analysis on Net
Stock Analysis on Net
Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc

Express Scripts Holding Co. (NASDAQ:ESRX)

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Analysis of Income Taxes

Advanced level

Accounting Policy on Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities using presently enacted tax rates. All deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as long-term. Deferred tax assets are evaluated to ensure the asset will be realized. To the extent Express Scripts does not consider it more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, a valuation allowance is established.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27).

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Express Scripts Holding Co., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
12 months ended: Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Federal
State
Foreign
Current provision
Federal
State
Foreign
Deferred benefit
Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Item Description The company
Current provision Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s current provision decreased from 2015 to 2016 but then increased from 2016 to 2017 exceeding 2015 level.
Deferred benefit Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s deferred benefit decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Provision for income taxes Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s provision for income taxes decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Express Scripts Holding Co., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Statutory federal income tax rate
State taxes, net of federal benefit
Non-controlling interest
Impact of the Tax Act
Recognition of previously unrecognized PolyMedica Corporation (Liberty) tax benefit
Investment in foreign subsidiaries
Other, net
Effective tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Item Description The company
Effective tax rate Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s effective tax rate decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Express Scripts Holding Co., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Note premium
Tax attributes
Equity compensation
Accrued expenses
Benefit of uncertain tax positions
Other
Gross deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Depreciation, property and computer software differences
Goodwill and intangible assets
Outside basis difference in eviCore
Other
Gross deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Item Description The company
Gross deferred tax assets Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s gross deferred tax assets decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Net deferred tax assets Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s net deferred tax assets decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Express Scripts Holding Co., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Current deferred tax assets
Noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets)
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Item Description The company
Noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets) Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s noncurrent deferred tax assets (included in Other assets) increased from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly decreased from 2016 to 2017.
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s noncurrent deferred tax liabilities decreased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

Express Scripts Holding Co., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in thousands

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Adjustment to Current Assets
Current assets (as reported)
Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
Current assets (adjusted)
Adjustment to Total Assets
Total assets (as reported)
Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
Total assets (adjusted)
Adjustment to Total Liabilities
Total liabilities (as reported)
Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
Total liabilities (adjusted)
Adjustment to Total Express Scripts Stockholders’ Equity
Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity (as reported)
Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity (adjusted)
Adjustment to Net Income Attributable To Express Scripts
Net income attributable to Express Scripts (as reported)
Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Net income attributable to Express Scripts (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Express Scripts Holding Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

Express Scripts Holding Co., adjusted financial ratios

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
Current Ratio
Reported current ratio
Adjusted current ratio
Net Profit Margin
Reported net profit margin
Adjusted net profit margin
Total Asset Turnover
Reported total asset turnover
Adjusted total asset turnover
Financial Leverage
Reported financial leverage
Adjusted financial leverage
Return on Equity (ROE)
Reported ROE
Adjusted ROE
Return on Assets (ROA)
Reported ROA
Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

Financial ratio Description The company
Adjusted current ratio A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then deteriorated significantly from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then deteriorated significantly from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.

Express Scripts Holding Co., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Current assets
Current liabilities
Liquidity Ratio
Current ratio1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted current assets
Current liabilities
Liquidity Ratio
Adjusted current ratio2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= ÷ =

Liquidity ratio Description The company
Adjusted current ratio A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then deteriorated significantly from 2016 to 2017.

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Net income attributable to Express Scripts
Revenues
Profitability Ratio
Net profit margin1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts
Revenues
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted net profit margin2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Revenues
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Revenues
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted net profit margin An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Revenues
Total assets
Activity Ratio
Total asset turnover1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Revenues
Adjusted total assets
Activity Ratio
Adjusted total asset turnover2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 Total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Revenues ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =

Activity ratio Description The company
Adjusted total asset turnover An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2015 to 2016 but then deteriorated significantly from 2016 to 2017.

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Total assets
Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
Solvency Ratio
Financial leverage1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted total assets
Adjusted total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted financial leverage2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =

2 Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
= ÷ =

Solvency ratio Description The company
Adjusted financial leverage A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity.
Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.		 Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017.

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Net income attributable to Express Scripts
Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
Profitability Ratio
ROE1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts
Adjusted total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROE2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Adjusted total Express Scripts stockholders’ equity
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROE A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted ROE improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc
Dec 31, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Net income attributable to Express Scripts
Total assets
Profitability Ratio
ROA1
Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands)
Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts
Adjusted total assets
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA2

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-14), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-16), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2014-02-20).

2017 Calculations

1 ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income attributable to Express Scripts ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =

Profitability ratio Description The company
Adjusted ROA A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets. Express Scripts Holding Co.’s adjusted ROA improved from 2015 to 2016 but then slightly deteriorated from 2016 to 2017.