Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios

Evaluates revenues and output generated by the Merck & Co. Inc. assets. Operating performance ratios describe the relationship between the Merck & Co. Inc. level of operations and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.

• Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Inventory Turnover
• Receivables Turnover
• Payables Turnover
• Working Capital Turnover
• Average Inventory Processing Period
• Average Receivable Collection Period
• Operating Cycle
• Average Payables Payment Period
• Cash Conversion Cycle

Analysis of Solvency Ratios

Examines Merck & Co. Inc. capital structure in terms of the mix of its financing sources and the ability of the firm to satisfy its longer-term debt and investment obligations.

• Solvency Ratios (Summary)
• Debt to Equity
• Debt to Equity (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Debt to Capital
• Debt to Capital (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Debt to Assets
• Debt to Assets (including Operating Lease Liability)
• Financial Leverage
• Interest Coverage
• Fixed Charge Coverage

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Analysis of Geographic Areas

Merck & Co. Inc. operates in 7 regions: United States; Europe, Middle East and Africa; Latin America; Asia Pacific (other than China and Japan); Japan; China; and Other.

• Area Asset Turnover
• Sales
• Property, plant and equipment, net

Balance Sheet: Assets
Quarterly Data

The assets reports major classes and amounts of resources owned or controlled by Merck & Co. Inc..

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)

The FCFE valuation approach estimates the value of equity as the present value of future FCFE discounted at the required rate of return on equity.

• Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
• Required Rate of Return (r)
• FCFE Growth Rate (g)

Analysis of Debt

• Total Debt (Carrying Amount)
• Total Debt (Fair Value)
• Weighted-average Interest Rate on Debt

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

CAPM is a theory concentrated with deriving the expected rates of return on risky assets based on the assets’ systematic risk levels. Systematic risk is the variability of returns that is due to macroeconomic factors that affect all risky assets. It cannot be eliminated by diversification.

• Rates of Return
• Variance and Covariance
• Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
• Expected Rate of Return

Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement provides information about Merck & Co. Inc. cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on Merck & Co. Inc. balance sheet.

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Measures the income of Merck & Co. Inc. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)