Stock Analysis on Net

Linde plc (NYSE:LIN)

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Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Quarterly Data

Beginner level

Profitability ratios measure the company’s ability to generate profitable sales from its resources (assets).

Profitability Ratios (Summary)
Gross Profit Margin
Operating Profit Margin
Net Profit Margin
Return on Equity (ROE)
Return on Assets (ROA)

Profitability Ratios (Summary)

Linde plc, profitability ratios (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Return on Sales
	Gross profit margin
	Operating profit margin
	Net profit margin
	Return on Investment
	Return on equity (ROE)
	Return on assets (ROA)

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Gross profit margin	Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures.	Linde plc’s gross profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.
Operating profit margin	A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue.	Linde plc’s operating profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 but then deteriorated significantly from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.
Net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue.	Linde plc’s net profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 but then deteriorated significantly from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity.	Linde plc’s ROE deteriorated from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.
ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets.	Linde plc’s ROA deteriorated from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Gross Profit Margin

Linde plc, gross profit margin calculation (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Gross margin
	Sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Gross profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Gross Profit Margin, Competitors²
	Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
	Ecolab Inc.

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

¹ Q3 2020 Calculation
Gross profit margin = 100 × (Gross margin_{Q3 2020} + Gross margin_{Q2 2020} + Gross margin_{Q1 2020} + Gross margin_{Q4 2019}) ÷ (Sales_{Q3 2020} + Sales_{Q2 2020} + Sales_{Q1 2020} + Sales_{Q4 2019})
= 100 × ( + + + ) ÷ ( + + + ) =

² Click competitor name to see calculations.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Gross profit margin	Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures.	Linde plc’s gross profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Operating Profit Margin

Linde plc, operating profit margin calculation (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Operating profit
	Sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Operating profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Operating Profit Margin, Competitors²
	Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
	Ecolab Inc.

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

¹ Q3 2020 Calculation
Operating profit margin = 100 × (Operating profit_{Q3 2020} + Operating profit_{Q2 2020} + Operating profit_{Q1 2020} + Operating profit_{Q4 2019}) ÷ (Sales_{Q3 2020} + Sales_{Q2 2020} + Sales_{Q1 2020} + Sales_{Q4 2019})
= 100 × ( + + + ) ÷ ( + + + ) =

² Click competitor name to see calculations.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Operating profit margin	A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue.	Linde plc’s operating profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 but then deteriorated significantly from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Net Profit Margin

Linde plc, net profit margin calculation (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income, Linde plc
	Sales
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Benchmarks
	Net Profit Margin, Competitors²
	Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
	Ecolab Inc.

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

¹ Q3 2020 Calculation
Net profit margin = 100 × (Net income, Linde plc_{Q3 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q2 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q1 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q4 2019}) ÷ (Sales_{Q3 2020} + Sales_{Q2 2020} + Sales_{Q1 2020} + Sales_{Q4 2019})
= 100 × ( + + + ) ÷ ( + + + ) =

² Click competitor name to see calculations.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue.	Linde plc’s net profit margin ratio improved from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 but then deteriorated significantly from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Return on Equity (ROE)

Linde plc, ROE calculation (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income, Linde plc
	Total Linde plc shareholders’ equity
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Benchmarks
	ROE, Competitors²
	Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
	Ecolab Inc.

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

¹ Q3 2020 Calculation
ROE = 100 × (Net income, Linde plc_{Q3 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q2 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q1 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q4 2019}) ÷ Total Linde plc shareholders’ equity
= 100 × ( + + + ) ÷ =

² Click competitor name to see calculations.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity.	Linde plc’s ROE deteriorated from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

Return on Assets (ROA)

Linde plc, ROA calculation (quarterly data)

		Sep 30, 2020	Jun 30, 2020	Mar 31, 2020		Dec 31, 2019	Sep 30, 2019	Jun 30, 2019	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Sep 30, 2018	Jun 30, 2018	Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017	Sep 30, 2017	Jun 30, 2017	Mar 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016	Sep 30, 2016	Jun 30, 2016	Mar 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015	Sep 30, 2015	Jun 30, 2015	Mar 31, 2015
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income, Linde plc
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Benchmarks
	ROA, Competitors²
	Air Products & Chemicals Inc.
	Ecolab Inc.

Based on: 10-Q (filing date: 2020-11-05), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-07-31), 10-Q (filing date: 2020-05-07), 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-11-12), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-08-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2019-05-10), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-11-09), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-07-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2018-04-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-10-26), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-07-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2017-04-27), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-10-27), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-07-28), 10-Q (filing date: 2016-04-29), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-10-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-07-29), 10-Q (filing date: 2015-04-29).

¹ Q3 2020 Calculation
ROA = 100 × (Net income, Linde plc_{Q3 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q2 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q1 2020} + Net income, Linde plc_{Q4 2019}) ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ( + + + ) ÷ =

² Click competitor name to see calculations.

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets.	Linde plc’s ROA deteriorated from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 and from Q2 2020 to Q3 2020.

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Financial Statements
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Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
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Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

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Common-Size Financial Statements
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Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
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