Enterprise Value (EV)
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- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
- Selected Financial Data since 2005
- Total Asset Turnover since 2005
- Price to Earnings (P/E) since 2005
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Current Enterprise Value (EV)
Linde plc, current enterprise value calculation
| Current share price (P) | |
| No. shares of common stock outstanding | |
| US$ in millions | |
| Common equity (market value)1 | |
| Add: Noncontrolling interests (per books) | |
| Total equity | |
| Add: Short-term debt (per books) | |
| Add: Current portion of long-term debt (per books) | |
| Add: Current finance lease liabilities (per books) | |
| Add: Long-term debt, excluding current portion (per books) | |
| Add: Long-term finance lease liabilities (per books) | |
| Total equity and debt | |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | |
| Enterprise value (EV) | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31).
1 Common equity (market value) = Share price × No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ×
Historical Enterprise Value (EV)
Linde plc, EV calculation
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Closing price as at the filing date of Linde plc Annual Report.
3 2024 Calculation
Common equity (market value) = Share price × No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ×
- Equity Trends
- Common equity (market value) displayed a steady upward trajectory over the five-year period. Starting at approximately US$131.5 billion at the end of 2020, it increased annually, reaching about US$218.3 billion by the end of 2024. This represents a cumulative increase of around 66%, suggesting a growing market valuation of shareholders' ownership in the company.
- Total equity followed a similar growth pattern, beginning at roughly US$133.7 billion in 2020 and rising consistently each year to approximately US$219.7 billion by the end of 2024. The close correlation between total equity and common equity values indicates alignment between book value and market valuation trends within the equity segment.
- Total Capital Structure
- The sum of total equity and debt showed a continuous increase year-over-year. From approximately US$150.1 billion at the end of 2020, it escalated to nearly US$241.5 billion by 2024. The growth in this aggregate measure illustrates an expansion in the company's overall capital base, reflecting increasing leverage or equity financing.
- Enterprise Value (EV)
- Enterprise value also experienced consistent growth throughout the period reviewed. Beginning at about US$146.3 billion in 2020, EV rose steadily to around US$236.6 billion by the end of 2024. The trend mirrors the increases observed in both equity and total capital, indicating enhanced market perception of the company's total value, inclusive of debt.
- General Insights
- The upward trends in equity (both common and total), total capital, and enterprise value collectively suggest robust financial growth and market confidence in the company over the five years. The relatively proportional increases across these metrics imply balanced growth between equity and debt financing. No significant volatility or declines were noted in the available data, pointing to stable financial performance and investor sentiment.