.Dividend Discount Model (DDM)
Difficulty: Intermediate
In discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation techniques the value of the stock is estimated based upon present value of some measure of cash flow. Dividends are the cleanest and most straightforward measure of cash flow because these are clearly cash flows that go directly to the investor.
Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
EOG Resources Inc., dividends per share (DPS) forecast
USD $
| Year | Value | DPSt or Terminal value (TVt) | Calculation | Present value at % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | DPS01 | |||
| 1 | DPS1 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 2 | DPS2 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 3 | DPS3 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 4 | DPS4 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 5 | DPS5 | = × (1 + %) | ||
| 5 | Terminal value (TV5) | = × (1 + %) ÷ (% – %) | ||
| Intrinsic value of EOG's common stock (per share) | $ | |||
| Current share price | $ | |||
1 DPS0 = Sum of last year dividends per share of EOG's common stock. See details »
Disclaimer!
Valuation is based on standard assumptions. There may exist specific factors relevant to stock value and omitted here. In such a case, the real stock value may differ significantly form the estimated. If you want to use the estimated intrinsic stock value in investment decision making process, do so at your own risk.
Required Rate of Return (r)
| Assumptions | ||
| Rate of return on LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | % |
| Expected rate of return on market portfolio2 | E(RM) | % |
| Systematic risk (β) of EOG's common stock | βEOG | |
| Required rate of return on EOG's common stock3 | rEOG | % |
1 Unweighted average of bid yields on all outstanding fixed-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds neither due or callable in less than 10 years (risk-free rate of return proxy).
Calculations
3 rEOG = RF + βEOG [E(RM) – RF]
= % + [% – %]
= %
Dividend Growth Rate (g)
Dividend growth rate (g) implied by PRAT model
EOG Resources Inc., PRAT model
| Average | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (USD $ in thousands) | |||||||
| | Common stock dividends declared | ||||||
| | Net income (loss) | ||||||
| | Net operating revenues and other | ||||||
| | Total assets | ||||||
| | Stockholders' equity | ||||||
| Ratios | |||||||
| | Retention rate1 | ||||||
| | Profit margin2 | % | % | % | % | % | |
| | Asset turnover3 | ||||||
| | Financial leverage4 | ||||||
| Averages | |||||||
| Retention rate | |||||||
| Profit margin | % | ||||||
| Asset turnover | |||||||
| Financial leverage | |||||||
| Dividend growth rate (g)5 | % | ||||||
2017 Calculations
1 Retention rate = (Net income (loss) – Common stock dividends declared) ÷ Net income (loss)
= ( – ) ÷ =
2 Profit margin = 100 × Net income (loss) ÷ Net operating revenues and other
= 100 × ÷ = %
3 Asset turnover = Net operating revenues and other ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
4 Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders' equity
= ÷ =
5 g = Retention rate × Profit margin × Asset turnover × Financial leverage
= × % × × = %
Dividend growth rate (g) implied by Gordon growth model
g = 100 × (P0 × r – D0) ÷ (P0 + D0)
= 100 × ($ × % – $) ÷ ($ + $) = %
where:
P0 = current price of share of EOG's common stock
D0 = last year dividends per share of EOG's common stock
r = required rate of return on EOG's common stock
Dividend growth rate (g) forecast
EOG Resources Inc., H-model
| Year | Value | gt |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | g1 | % |
| 2 | g2 | % |
| 3 | g3 | % |
| 4 | g4 | % |
| 5 and thereafter | g5 | % |
where:
g1 is implied by PRAT model
g5 is implied by Gordon growth model
g2, g3 and g4 are calculated using linear interpoltion between g1 and g5
Calculations
g2 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (2 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
g3 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (3 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
g4 = g1 + (g5 – g1) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1)
= % + (% – %) × (4 – 1) ÷ (5 – 1) = %
