Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data
The balance sheet provides creditors, investors, and analysts with information on company resources (assets) and its sources of capital (its equity and liabilities). It normally also provides information about the future earnings capacity of a company assets as well as an indication of cash flows that may come from receivables and inventories.
Liabilities represents obligations of a company arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits from the entity.
Cummins Inc., consolidated balance sheet: liabilities and stockholders’ equity (quarterly data)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-10-03), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-07-04), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-04-04), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-27), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-28), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-29), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-29), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
Analysis of the balance sheet reveals a significant expansion of the total liability profile and a strategic shift in financing and equity management between March 2019 and March 2024.
- Liability Growth and Composition
- Total liabilities increased from 11.12 billion USD in March 2019 to 21.73 billion USD by March 2024. A notable inflection point occurred between December 2021 and September 2022, where total liabilities rose from 14.31 billion USD to 20.16 billion USD. This growth was primarily driven by concurrent increases in both long-term debt and current liabilities.
- Current Liability Trends
- Current liabilities demonstrated a steady upward trajectory, nearly doubling from 6.43 billion USD in early 2019 to 11.69 billion USD by March 2024. Accounts payable, principally trade, grew from 3.02 billion USD to 4.48 billion USD over the period. A substantial spike in other accrued expenses is observed in the final year, increasing from 1.71 billion USD in September 2023 to 3.75 billion USD in December 2023, before stabilizing at 3.70 billion USD in March 2024.
- Debt and Financing Obligations
- Long-term debt exhibited significant growth and volatility, starting at 1.61 billion USD in 2019 and ending at 5.77 billion USD in March 2024. Commercial paper usage showed cyclical fluctuations, peaking at 2.57 billion USD in December 2022 before declining sharply to 609 million USD by March 2024. Current maturities of long-term debt remained relatively low until a surge in late 2022, peaking at 575 million USD in June 2023 before returning to 113 million USD in March 2024.
- Equity and Capital Structure
- Total equity increased from 8.73 billion USD in March 2019 to 10.10 billion USD in March 2024. This expansion was underpinned by a consistent rise in retained earnings, which grew from 13.40 billion USD to 19.61 billion USD. This growth was partially offset by an aggressive share repurchase strategy, as evidenced by treasury stock increasing from a negative 6.11 billion USD to negative 10.83 billion USD over the period.
The overall financial position indicates an increasing reliance on leverage, as total liabilities expanded at a significantly faster rate than total equity. The high volatility in commercial paper and the sudden shifts in current maturities suggest active, tactical liquidity management and periodic refinancing of debt obligations.
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