Common Stock Valuation Ratios (Price Multiples)
Quarterly Data
Valuation ratios measure the quantity of an asset or flaw (e.g., earnings) associated with ownership of a specified claim (e.g., a share of ownership of the enterprise).
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Linde plc pages available for free this week:
- Income Statement
- Common-Size Income Statement
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Reportable Segments
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Return on Equity (ROE) since 2005
- Return on Assets (ROA) since 2005
- Price to Earnings (P/E) since 2005
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Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
Linde plc, historical price multiples (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Linde plc P/E ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Linde plc P/OP ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Linde plc P/S ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Linde plc P/BV ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
Price to Earnings (P/E)
Linde plc, historical P/E calculation (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q4 2023 Calculation
EPS
= (Net income, Linde plcQ4 2023
+ Net income, Linde plcQ3 2023
+ Net income, Linde plcQ2 2023
+ Net income, Linde plcQ1 2023)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Linde plc Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q4 2023 Calculation
P/E ratio = Share price ÷ EPS
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/E ratio | The P/E ratio tells analyst how much an investor in common stock pays per dollar of current earnings. | Linde plc P/E ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
Linde plc, historical P/OP calculation (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q4 2023 Calculation
Operating profit per share
= (Operating profitQ4 2023
+ Operating profitQ3 2023
+ Operating profitQ2 2023
+ Operating profitQ1 2023)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Linde plc Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q4 2023 Calculation
P/OP ratio = Share price ÷ Operating profit per share
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/OP ratio | Because P/E ratio is calculated using net income, the ratio can be sensitive to nonrecurring earnings and capital structure, analysts may use price to operating profit. | Linde plc P/OP ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
Price to Sales (P/S)
Linde plc, historical P/S calculation (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q4 2023 Calculation
Sales per share
= (SalesQ4 2023
+ SalesQ3 2023
+ SalesQ2 2023
+ SalesQ1 2023)
÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ( + + + )
÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Linde plc Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q4 2023 Calculation
P/S ratio = Share price ÷ Sales per share
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/S ratio | An rationale for the P/S ratio is that sales, as the top line in an income statement, are generally less subject to distortion or manipulation than other fundamentals such as EPS or book value. Sales are also more stable than earnings and never negative. | Linde plc P/S ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |
Price to Book Value (P/BV)
Linde plc, historical P/BV calculation (quarterly data)
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2020-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2019-03-31).
1 Data adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Q4 2023 Calculation
BVPS = Total Linde plc shareholders’ equity ÷ No. shares of common stock outstanding
= ÷ =
3 Closing price as at the filing date of Linde plc Quarterly or Annual Report.
4 Q4 2023 Calculation
P/BV ratio = Share price ÷ BVPS
= ÷ =
| Valuation ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| P/BV ratio | The P/BV ratio is interpreted as an indicator of market judgment about the relationship between a company required rate of return and its actual rate of return. | Linde plc P/BV ratio decreased from Q2 2023 to Q3 2023 but then increased from Q3 2023 to Q4 2023 exceeding Q2 2023 level. |