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Linde plc (NASDAQ:LIN)

Common-Size Income Statement
Quarterly Data

Linde plc, common-size consolidated income statement (quarterly data)

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3 months ended: Jun 30, 2026 Mar 31, 2026 Dec 31, 2025 Sep 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024 Sep 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2024 Mar 31, 2024 Dec 31, 2023 Sep 30, 2023 Jun 30, 2023 Mar 31, 2023 Dec 31, 2022 Sep 30, 2022 Jun 30, 2022 Mar 31, 2022 Dec 31, 2021 Sep 30, 2021 Jun 30, 2021 Mar 31, 2021
Sales 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization -52.33 -51.51 -51.88 -50.83 -50.69 -51.25 -52.16 -52.13 -51.42 -52.05 -53.37 -52.90 -52.61 -54.08 -56.05 -60.08 -58.41 -58.43 -59.38 -56.96 -55.30 -55.97
Gross margin 47.67% 48.49% 48.12% 49.17% 49.31% 48.75% 47.84% 47.87% 48.58% 47.95% 46.63% 47.10% 47.39% 45.92% 43.95% 39.92% 41.59% 41.57% 40.62% 43.04% 44.70% 44.03%
Selling, general and administrative -9.59 -10.17 -10.04 -10.41 -10.24 -9.69 -9.83 -9.85 -10.16 -10.62 -10.02 -9.91 -10.15 -10.03 -9.67 -8.75 -9.12 -9.77 -9.48 -10.34 -10.84 -10.87
Depreciation and amortization -10.37 -10.83 -10.84 -11.15 -11.09 -11.22 -11.02 -11.49 -11.59 -11.72 -11.43 -11.76 -11.70 -11.57 -12.10 -11.88 -12.90 -13.54 -13.68 -15.17 -15.44 -16.10
Research and development -0.40 -0.43 -0.40 -0.42 -0.45 -0.47 -0.47 -0.44 -0.44 -0.47 -0.47 -0.44 -0.43 -0.44 -0.46 -0.40 -0.44 -0.43 -0.46 -0.47 -0.45 -0.48
Cost reduction program and other charges 0.00 0.00 -2.61 0.13 0.00 -0.68 0.00 -1.74 0.00 0.00 0.02 -0.02 -0.27 -0.22 -0.32 -0.17 -11.74 0.05 -0.61 -0.34 -2.69 0.11
Other income (expense), net 0.18 0.72 -1.20 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.89 0.61 0.02 0.72 -0.30 0.20 -0.33 -0.06 -0.05 -0.39 -0.43 0.15 -0.28 0.13 -0.22 0.06
Operating profit 27.49% 27.78% 23.03% 27.48% 27.71% 26.92% 27.41% 24.96% 26.42% 25.86% 24.43% 25.16% 24.51% 23.59% 21.36% 18.34% 6.96% 18.02% 16.11% 16.85% 15.06% 16.75%
Interest expense, net -0.66 -0.71 -0.73 -0.74 -0.79 -0.74 -0.64 -0.81 -0.85 -0.80 -0.86 -0.49 -0.63 -0.45 -0.39 -0.20 -0.06 -0.11 -0.37 -0.10 -0.24 -0.28
Net pension and OPEB benefit, excluding service cost 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.56 0.54 0.59 0.62 0.47 0.43 0.55 0.55 0.73 0.60 0.73 0.78 0.59 0.59 0.65 0.68
Income before income taxes and equity investments 27.41% 27.68% 22.95% 27.39% 27.62% 26.87% 27.32% 24.69% 26.16% 25.68% 24.04% 25.10% 24.43% 23.69% 21.70% 18.73% 7.64% 18.69% 16.33% 17.33% 15.47% 17.15%
Income taxes -6.57 -6.50 -5.49 -4.92 -6.75 -6.30 -6.44 -5.96 -6.14 -5.72 -5.53 -5.97 -5.34 -5.25 -4.91 -4.44 -3.38 -4.49 -4.09 -4.19 -4.40 -3.70
Income from continuing operations before equity investments 20.84% 21.18% 17.46% 22.47% 20.87% 20.57% 20.89% 18.73% 20.02% 19.96% 18.51% 19.13% 19.09% 18.44% 16.79% 14.29% 4.26% 14.20% 12.24% 13.15% 11.06% 13.45%
Income from equity investments 0.39 0.46 0.49 0.42 0.39 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.54 0.59 0.47 0.50 0.56 0.50 0.44 0.49 0.59 0.54 0.46 0.01 0.49 0.59
Income from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests 21.23% 21.64% 17.95% 22.89% 21.26% 21.04% 21.36% 19.18% 20.56% 20.56% 18.98% 19.63% 19.65% 18.94% 17.23% 14.78% 4.85% 14.74% 12.70% 13.16% 11.55% 14.04%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
Net income, including noncontrolling interests 21.23% 21.64% 17.95% 22.89% 21.26% 21.04% 21.36% 19.18% 20.56% 20.56% 18.98% 19.63% 19.65% 18.94% 17.23% 14.78% 4.85% 14.74% 12.73% 13.17% 11.56% 14.05%
Noncontrolling interests -0.47 -0.49 -0.49 -0.50 -0.47 -0.42 -0.53 -0.63 -0.45 -0.47 -0.40 -0.44 -0.45 -0.44 -0.42 -0.31 -0.45 -0.44 -0.36 -0.40 -0.47 -0.52
Net income, Linde plc 20.76% 21.15% 17.46% 22.39% 20.79% 20.62% 20.83% 18.55% 20.12% 20.09% 18.59% 19.19% 19.20% 18.50% 16.81% 14.47% 4.40% 14.30% 12.36% 12.77% 11.09% 13.53%

Based on: 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2026-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2025-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2024-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2023-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2022-03-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-09-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-06-30), 10-Q (reporting date: 2021-03-31).

An analysis of the common-size income statement reveals a consistent expansion in profitability margins over the period from early 2021 through mid-2026. The most notable trend is the sustained increase in both gross and operating margins, driven primarily by a reduction in the cost of sales and depreciation expenses relative to total revenue.

Gross Profitability and Cost of Sales
Gross margins exhibited a general upward trajectory, rising from a range of 40% to 44% in 2021 to peaks near 49% in 2025. This expansion is directly linked to the decrease in the cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, which fell from highs of approximately 59% in late 2021 to consistently around 51% to 52% by 2026.
Operating Expenses and Efficiency
Selling, general and administrative expenses remained relatively stable, fluctuating within a narrow band between 8.7% and 10.9% of sales. A more significant trend is observed in depreciation and amortization, which declined steadily from 16.1% of sales in March 2021 to 10.37% by June 2026, contributing positively to the overall operating margin.
Operating Profit and Non-Recurring Items
Operating profit margins showed substantial growth, moving from the 15% to 17% range in 2021 to consistently exceed 27% during most of 2024 through 2026. A sharp, temporary decline occurred in June 2022, where operating profit dropped to 6.96% due to a significant cost reduction program charge amounting to 11.74% of sales. Aside from this specific anomaly, the trend remained strongly positive.
Net Income Performance
The net income margin for the parent company mirrored the operating trend, expanding from approximately 11% to 14% in 2021 to a range of 20% to 22% between 2024 and 2026. While income taxes as a percentage of sales increased from roughly 4% in 2021 to over 6% by mid-2026, the gains in operating efficiency more than offset the higher tax burden.

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