Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
Paying user area
Try for free
Paycom Software Inc. pages available for free this week:
- Cash Flow Statement
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
- Common Stock Valuation Ratios
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Selected Financial Data since 2014
- Net Profit Margin since 2014
- Price to Earnings (P/E) since 2014
- Price to Operating Profit (P/OP) since 2014
The data is hidden behind: . Unhide it.
Get full access to the entire website from $10.42/mo, or
get 1-month access to Paycom Software Inc. for $22.49.
This is a one-time payment. There is no automatic renewal.
We accept:
Economic Profit
Paycom Software Inc., economic profit calculation
US$ in thousands
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2022 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- The net operating profit after taxes shows an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2022. Starting at approximately $172 million in 2018, it increased to around $215 million in 2019. There was a decline in 2020 to about $176 million, followed by significant recovery and growth, reaching approximately $244 million in 2021 and $297 million in 2022.
- Cost of Capital
- The cost of capital has remained relatively stable over the five-year period. It was around 18.4% in 2018 and exhibited minimal fluctuations, remaining close to 18.45% up to 2022. This consistency indicates a steady estimate of the firm's risk and capital costs during this timeframe.
- Invested Capital
- The invested capital shows a consistent and substantial increase across the years. Beginning at approximately $523 million in 2018, the investment rose steadily each year, reaching about $724 million in 2019 and $860 million in 2020. The upward trend continued more sharply thereafter, peaking at around $1.19 billion in 2021 and $1.48 billion in 2022. This pattern suggests ongoing capital deployment and expansion.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit experienced varying results over the period. It started at around $76 million in 2018 and showed a slight increase to about $81 million in 2019. There was a notable drop in 2020, with economic profit declining to roughly $17 million. Although some recovery occurred in 2021 and 2022, with values around $25 million in both years, economic profit did not return to the higher levels seen in 2018 and 2019, indicating a reduced surplus after accounting for cost of capital despite growth in NOPAT and invested capital.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Paycom Software Inc., NOPAT calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in deferred revenue.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income.
4 2022 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
5 2022 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest expense = Adjusted interest expense × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
6 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income.
The financial data reveals notable fluctuations and overall growth in key profitability metrics over the five-year period ending December 31, 2022.
- Net Income
-
Net income exhibited an upward trend, increasing significantly from $137,065 thousand in 2018 to $281,389 thousand in 2022. Despite a dip in 2020, when net income fell to $143,453 thousand from $180,576 thousand in 2019, the subsequent years showed robust recovery and growth, particularly with a substantial rise in 2022 to a new high.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
-
NOPAT followed a similar trajectory to net income but on a generally higher scale. It rose from $172,096 thousand in 2018 to $297,371 thousand in 2022. Although there was a decline in 2020, dropping to $176,158 thousand from $214,806 thousand in 2019, the profit metric rebounded strongly in the following years, reaching the peak in 2022. The increases in NOPAT were more pronounced in magnitude compared to net income, indicating increasing operational efficiency or improved core business profitability.
Overall, the data suggests a company experiencing notable profit growth, with a momentary setback in 2020 likely due to specific operational or market challenges during that year. The recovery and growth in NOPAT and net income in 2021 and 2022 demonstrate improved performance and potentially effective strategic or operational adjustments.
Cash Operating Taxes
Paycom Software Inc., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
- Provision for income taxes
- The provision for income taxes showed a general increasing trend from 2018 to 2022. Starting at 37,646 thousand USD in 2018, it increased moderately to 45,511 thousand USD in 2019, then slightly declined to 42,483 thousand USD in 2020. Following this, there was a significant increase to 60,002 thousand USD in 2021, which was further amplified by a substantial rise to 108,189 thousand USD in 2022. This pattern indicates growing income tax obligations over the five-year period, with the most notable escalation occurring in the last two years.
- Cash operating taxes
- Cash operating taxes also exhibited an overall upward trajectory throughout the years analyzed. Initially, it stood at 16,816 thousand USD in 2018 and increased sharply to 24,932 thousand USD in 2019. There was a slight dip in 2020 to 21,299 thousand USD, followed by a recovery to 27,310 thousand USD in 2021. The year 2022 saw a dramatic increase to 112,250 thousand USD, which mirrors the substantial rise observed in the provision for income taxes. This suggests that cash outflows related to operating taxes have grown significantly, particularly in the most recent year.
Invested Capital
Paycom Software Inc., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in thousands
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of deferred revenue.
4 Addition of equity equivalents to stockholders’ equity.
5 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
6 Subtraction of construction in progress.
- Total Reported Debt & Leases
- The total reported debt and leases exhibited a relatively stable trend from 2018 through 2021, decreasing slightly from 61,588 thousand USD in 2018 to 58,790 thousand USD in 2020, followed by a marginal increase to 60,067 thousand USD in 2021. In 2022, however, there was a noticeable increase to 70,012 thousand USD, marking a significant rise compared to previous years.
- Stockholders’ Equity
- Stockholders’ equity demonstrated a strong upward progression over the five-year period. Beginning at 334,753 thousand USD in 2018, equity more than doubled to 526,628 thousand USD in 2019 and continued to climb to 655,643 thousand USD in 2020. The growth accelerated thereafter, reaching 893,714 thousand USD in 2021 and further increasing to 1,182,607 thousand USD in 2022. This consistent increase indicates substantial equity growth and strengthening of the company’s financial position.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital showed a continuous and significant rise throughout the entire period. Starting at 522,609 thousand USD in 2018, the invested capital increased by approximately 38.6% to 724,133 thousand USD in 2019 and then continued to expand sharply to 860,024 thousand USD in 2020. The momentum persisted with a considerable jump to 1,189,369 thousand USD in 2021, followed by another substantial increase to 1,478,485 thousand USD in 2022. This trend reflects ongoing investment and expansion activities within the company.
Cost of Capital
Paycom Software Inc., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Long-term debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Long-term debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Long-term debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Long-term debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Long-term debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 US$ in thousands
2 Equity. See details »
3 Long-term debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Paycom Software Inc., economic spread ratio calculation
| Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in thousands) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2022 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
- Economic Profit
- The economic profit exhibited volatility over the five-year period. Starting at approximately $75.96 million in 2018, it increased moderately to about $81.24 million in 2019. However, there was a sharp decline in 2020, with economic profit dropping to roughly $17.41 million. Subsequently, a partial recovery occurred in 2021 and 2022, with values around $24.84 million and $24.76 million respectively, though these latter figures remained significantly below the levels seen in 2018 and 2019.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital showed a consistent upward trend throughout the period. Beginning at approximately $522.61 million in 2018, it increased annually to reach about $724.13 million in 2019 and $860.02 million in 2020. Growth accelerated in the final two years, with invested capital rising to nearly $1.19 billion in 2021 and reaching around $1.48 billion by the end of 2022. This demonstrates a substantial expansion in the capital base over the observed timeframe.
- Economic Spread Ratio
- The economic spread ratio, a measure of economic profit relative to invested capital, showed a declining trend across the years. It started at 14.53% in 2018 and decreased to 11.22% in 2019. This downward movement intensified in 2020 when the ratio fell sharply to 2.02%. In the subsequent years, 2021 and 2022, the ratio remained low at 2.09% and 1.67%, respectively, indicating a reduced efficiency in generating economic profit from the invested capital base.
- Summary of Overall Trends
- The data reveal that while invested capital steadily increased each year, economic profit experienced significant fluctuation with a notable decline beginning in 2020 and only partial recovery thereafter. The declining economic spread ratio underscores diminishing returns on the growing capital investment. This combination suggests that despite increased capital deployment, the company faced challenges in sustaining economic profitability during the latter part of the period.
Economic Profit Margin
Paycom Software Inc., economic profit margin calculation
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2022 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × ÷ =
- Adjusted Revenues
- There is a consistent and significant upward trend in adjusted revenues over the five-year period. Revenues increased from approximately 579 million USD in 2018 to around 1.39 billion USD in 2022, indicating strong growth and expansion in the company's operations.
- Economic Profit
- Economic profit experienced fluctuations during the period. It initially rose from about 76 million USD in 2018 to a peak of approximately 81 million USD in 2019, followed by a sharp decline to roughly 17 million USD in 2020. Subsequently, economic profit showed a moderate recovery, reaching nearly 25 million USD in 2021 and remaining stable at the same level in 2022.
- Economic Profit Margin
- The economic profit margin demonstrated a declining trend throughout the period. Starting at 13.11% in 2018, it decreased gradually to 10.84% in 2019, then sharply dropped to 2.04% in 2020. Despite a slight improvement to 2.32% in 2021, the margin fell again to 1.78% in 2022, indicating compressing profitability relative to revenues.
- Overall Insights
- While adjusted revenues grew steadily and significantly, both economic profit and economic profit margin showed a declining pattern, especially after 2019. This suggests that the company may be facing rising costs, margin pressures, or other factors negatively impacting profitability despite increased sales. The relatively stable economic profit figures in the most recent two years may indicate the company's efforts toward stabilizing profits amidst these challenges.