Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
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Linde plc pages available for free this week:
- Statement of Comprehensive Income
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
- DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
- Analysis of Geographic Areas
- Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Selected Financial Data since 2005
- Operating Profit Margin since 2005
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2005
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Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
Invested capital2 | ||||||
Performance Ratio | ||||||
ROIC3 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
Sherwin-Williams Co. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Performance ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | Linde plc ROIC improved from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021. |
Decomposition of ROIC
ROIC | = | OPM1 | × | TO2 | × | 1 – CTR3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec 31, 2021 | = | × | × | ||||
Dec 31, 2020 | = | × | × | ||||
Dec 31, 2019 | = | × | × | ||||
Dec 31, 2018 | = | × | × | ||||
Dec 31, 2017 | = | × | × |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the increase in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2021 year is the increase in efficiency measured by turnover of capital (TO) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
Add: Cash operating taxes2 | ||||||
Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | ||||||
Sales | ||||||
Profitability Ratio | ||||||
OPM3 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
Sherwin-Williams Co. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Sales
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | Linde plc OPM improved from 2019 to 2020 and from 2020 to 2021. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Sales | ||||||
Invested capital1 | ||||||
Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
TO2 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
Sherwin-Williams Co. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2021 Calculation
TO = Sales ÷ Invested capital
= ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | Linde plc TO deteriorated from 2019 to 2020 but then improved from 2020 to 2021 exceeding 2019 level. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
Add: Cash operating taxes2 | ||||||
Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | ||||||
Tax Rate | ||||||
CTR3 | ||||||
Benchmarks | ||||||
CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
Sherwin-Williams Co. |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2018-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2017-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2021 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
Tax rate | Description | The company |
---|---|---|
CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | Linde plc CTR increased from 2019 to 2020 but then decreased significantly from 2020 to 2021. |