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Analysis of Operating Leases
Advanced level
An operating lease is treated like a rental contract. Neither the leased asset nor the associated liability is reported on the lessee balance sheet, but the rights may be very similar to the rights of an owner. The lessee only records the lease payments as a rental expense in income statement.
Present Value of Future Operating Lease Payments (before Adoption of FASB Topic 842)
Linde plc, future operating lease payments (before adoption of FASB Topic 842)
US$ in millions
| Dec 31, 2019 | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Dec 31, 2016 | Dec 31, 2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total undiscounted future operating lease payments | ||||||
| Discount rate1 | ||||||
| Total present value of future operating lease payments | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
1 Weighted-average interest rate for Linde plc’s debt
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported) | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||
| 2023 | 2023 | |||
| 2024 and thereafter | 2024 | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| Total: |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18).
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported) | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||
| 2023 and thereafter | 2023 | |||
| 2024 | ||||
| Total: |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28).
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported) | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||
| 2022 and thereafter | 2022 | |||
| 2023 | ||||
| 2024 | ||||
| Total: |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01).
| Year | Future operating lease payments (as reported) | Year | Future operating lease payments (estimated) | Present value at |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2016 | |||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||
| 2018 | 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||
| 2021 and thereafter | 2021 | |||
| 2022 | ||||
| Total: |
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases
Linde plc, adjustments to financial statements
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
1, 2 Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments.
Linde plc, Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)
Linde plc, adjusted financial ratios
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
| Financial ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Linde plc’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted debt to equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Linde plc’s adjusted debt to equity ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Linde plc’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Linde plc, Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
2019 Calculations
1 Total asset turnover = Sales ÷ Total assets
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted total asset turnover = Sales ÷ Adjusted total assets
= ÷ =
| Activity ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted total asset turnover | An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets. | Linde plc’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 but then slightly improved from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Debt to Equity
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
2019 Calculations
1 Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Total Linde plc shareholders’ equity
= ÷ =
2 Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Total Linde plc shareholders’ equity
= ÷ =
| Solvency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted debt-to-equity | A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity. | Linde plc’s adjusted debt-to-equity ratio improved from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)
Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2020-03-02), 10-K (filing date: 2019-03-18), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-28), 10-K (filing date: 2017-03-01), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-24).
2019 Calculations
1 ROA = 100 × Net income, Linde plc ÷ Total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
2 Adjusted ROA = 100 × Net income, Linde plc ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × ÷ =
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets. | Linde plc’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019. |