Accounting Policy on Income Taxes
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification
Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes
Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

ITW utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial and tax bases of assets and liabilities given the provisions of the enacted tax laws. Valuation allowances are established when it is estimated that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15).

Illinois Tool Works Inc., income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations

US$ in millions

	12 months ended	Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	U.S. federal income taxes
	Foreign income taxes
	State income taxes
	Current
	U.S. federal income taxes
	Foreign income taxes
	State income taxes
	Deferred
	Foreign income taxes
	Benefit of net operating loss carryforwards
	Provision for income taxes

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Current	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to taxable income (loss) from continuing operations.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s current increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Deferred	Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to income (loss) from continuing operations.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s deferred increased from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly decreased from 2017 to 2018.
Provision for income taxes	Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s provision for income taxes increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.

Illinois Tool Works Inc., effective income tax rate (EITR) reconciliation

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	U.S. federal statutory tax rate
	U.S. tax effect of foreign earnings
	State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit
	Differences between U.S. federal statutory and foreign tax rates
	Nontaxable foreign interest income
	Tax effect of foreign dividends
	Tax relief for U.S. manufacturers
	Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
	Other, net
	Effective tax rate, before tax effect of U.S. federal tax law change
	Tax effect of U.S. federal tax law change
	Effective tax rate

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Effective tax rate, before tax effect of U.S. federal tax law change	Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s effective tax rate, before tax effect of U.S. federal tax law change decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Illinois Tool Works Inc., components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Goodwill and intangible assets
	Inventory reserves, capitalized tax cost and LIFO inventory
	Investments
	Plant and equipment
	Accrued expenses and reserves
	Employee benefit accruals
	Foreign tax credit carryforwards
	Net operating loss carryforwards
	Capital loss carryforwards
	Allowances for uncollectible accounts
	Pension liabilities
	Deferred intercompany deductions
	Other
	Gross deferred income tax assets
	Valuation allowances
	Deferred income tax assets
	Goodwill and intangible assets
	Inventory reserves, capitalized tax cost and LIFO inventory
	Investments
	Plant and equipment
	Pension liabilities
	Unrealized (gain) loss on foreign debt instruments
	Other
	Deferred income tax liabilities
	Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Gross deferred income tax assets	Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s gross deferred income tax assets decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Deferred income tax assets	Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s deferred income tax assets decreased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Net deferred income tax assets (liabilities)	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, without jurisdictional netting.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) increased from 2016 to 2017 but then decreased significantly from 2017 to 2018.

Illinois Tool Works Inc., deferred tax assets and liabilities, classification

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current deferred income tax assets
	Noncurrent deferred income tax assets
	Current deferred income tax liabilities
	Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Item	Description	The company
Noncurrent deferred income tax assets	Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s noncurrent deferred income tax assets increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities	Amount, after deferred tax asset, of deferred tax liability attributable to taxable differences, with jurisdictional netting and classified as noncurrent.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Illinois Tool Works Inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax assets, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax assets, net
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Liabilities
	Current liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Current liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Liabilities
	Total liabilities (as reported)
	Less: Current deferred tax liabilities, net
	Less: Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net
	Total liabilities (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Stockholders’ Equity Attributable To ITW
	Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW (as reported)
	Less: Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
	Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Income
	Net income (as reported)
	Add: Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
	Net income (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Illinois Tool Works Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Illinois Tool Works Inc., adjusted financial ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio
	Adjusted current ratio
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin
	Adjusted net profit margin
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover
	Adjusted total asset turnover
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage
	Adjusted financial leverage
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE
	Adjusted ROE
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA
	Adjusted ROA

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

Illinois Tool Works Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Adjusted current liabilities
	Liquidity Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Adjusted current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Liquidity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by adjusted current liabilities.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted current ratio improved from 2016 to 2017 but then deteriorated significantly from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Operating revenue
	Profitability Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Operating revenue
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net income ÷ Operating revenue
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Operating revenue
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by total revenue.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Operating revenue
	Total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Operating revenue
	Adjusted total assets
	Activity Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Operating revenue ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Operating revenue ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted total asset turnover ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
	Solvency Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
	Solvency Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted financial leverage ratio increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
	Profitability Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Adjusted stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net income ÷ Stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted stockholders’ equity attributable to ITW
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net income
	Total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted for Deferred Taxes
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net income
	Adjusted total assets
	Profitability Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-15), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-10), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-12), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-13).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net income ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net income ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Illinois Tool Works Inc.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

	Illinois Tool Works Inc.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

	All companies
Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Analysis of Financial Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis of Components of Financial Statements
Financial Reporting Quality

Illinois Tool Works Inc. (ITW)

Analysis of Income Taxes

Accounting Policy on Income Taxes

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Effective Income Tax Rate (EITR)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Classification

Adjustments to Financial Statements: Removal of Deferred Taxes

Illinois Tool Works Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios: Removal of Deferred Taxes (Summary)

Illinois Tool Works Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Financial Leverage

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)