Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is registered trademark of Stern Stewart.
Economic value added or economic profit is the difference between revenues and costs,where costs include not only expenses, but also cost of capital.
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Honeywell International Inc. pages available for free this week:
- Common-Size Income Statement
- Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
- Analysis of Profitability Ratios
- Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
- Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)
- Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
- Return on Assets (ROA) since 2005
- Total Asset Turnover since 2005
- Price to Book Value (P/BV) since 2005
- Analysis of Revenues
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Economic Profit
Honeywell International Inc., economic profit calculation
US$ in millions
| 12 months ended: | Dec 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | ||||||
| Cost of capital2 | ||||||
| Invested capital3 | ||||||
| Economic profit4 | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cost of capital. See details »
3 Invested capital. See details »
4 2025 Calculation
Economic profit = NOPAT – Cost of capital × Invested capital
= – × =
The financial trajectory from 2021 to 2025 reveals a consistent inability to generate positive economic profit, with a marked acceleration in economic value destruction during the latter part of the period.
- Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT)
- Operating profitability exhibited a lack of sustained growth, fluctuating between a high of 5,978 million USD in 2024 and a low of 5,460 million USD in 2022. The relative stagnation of NOPAT indicates that operational earnings did not increase sufficiently to offset the rising costs associated with the expanded capital base.
- Invested Capital Trends
- A significant expansion in the capital base is observed starting in 2024. Invested capital remained stable around 48,000 million USD from 2021 through 2023, before jumping to 60,349 million USD in 2024 and further increasing to 61,387 million USD by 2025. This represents a substantial increase in the resources deployed in the business.
- Cost of Capital Stability
- The cost of capital remained relatively constant, oscillating within a narrow range between 13.92% and 14.68%. The stability of this percentage suggests that the deterioration in economic profit was not driven by an increase in the required rate of return, but rather by the inefficiency of the capital employed.
- Economic Profit Analysis
- Economic profit remained negative throughout the entire five-year period, signifying that the company failed to cover its cost of capital. While the deficit was relatively contained between 2021 and 2023, it widened sharply to -2,425 million USD in 2024 and reached -3,062 million USD in 2025. This downward trend is directly correlated with the surge in invested capital, confirming that the additional investments failed to generate a return above the cost of capital threshold.
Net Operating Profit after Taxes (NOPAT)
Honeywell International Inc., NOPAT calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 Elimination of deferred tax expense. See details »
2 Addition of increase (decrease) in allowances.
3 Addition of increase (decrease) in customer advances and deferred income.
4 Addition of increase (decrease) in obligations for product warranties and product performance guarantees.
5 Addition of increase (decrease) in repositioning reserves.
6 Addition of increase (decrease) in equity equivalents to net income attributable to Honeywell.
7 2025 Calculation
Interest expense on capitalized operating leases = Operating lease liability × Discount rate
= × =
8 2025 Calculation
Tax benefit of interest and other financial charges = Adjusted interest and other financial charges × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
9 Addition of after taxes interest expense to net income attributable to Honeywell.
10 2025 Calculation
Tax expense (benefit) of investment income = Investment income, before tax × Statutory income tax rate
= × 21.00% =
11 Elimination of after taxes investment income.
12 Elimination of discontinued operations.
Net income attributable to Honeywell and Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) exhibited varied performance between 2021 and 2025. NOPAT demonstrated relative stability compared to net income, with fluctuations occurring within a defined range. A review of the figures reveals specific trends worthy of note.
- NOPAT Trend
- NOPAT began at US$5,961 million in 2021, decreased to US$5,460 million in 2022, and then recovered to US$5,956 million in 2023. This was followed by a slight increase to US$5,978 million in 2024 before declining to US$5,535 million in 2025. The period between 2022 and 2023 shows the most significant positive change, while the decrease from 2024 to 2025 represents the largest single-year decline within the observed timeframe.
- Net Income Trend
- Net income attributable to Honeywell started at US$5,542 million in 2021, decreased to US$4,966 million in 2022, increased substantially to US$5,658 million in 2023, and continued to rise to US$5,705 million in 2024. However, it experienced a notable decrease to US$4,729 million in 2025. The volatility in net income is more pronounced than that observed in NOPAT.
- Relationship between NOPAT and Net Income
- In 2021, NOPAT exceeded net income by US$419 million. This difference narrowed in 2022 to US$506 million, with NOPAT still exceeding net income. The gap widened again in 2023 to US$692 million, and remained substantial in 2024 at US$727 million. However, in 2025, NOPAT exceeded net income by US$806 million, indicating a larger divergence than in previous years. This suggests that factors beyond core operating profitability are increasingly influencing reported net income.
The observed trends suggest that while core operating profitability, as measured by NOPAT, has remained relatively stable, net income is subject to greater fluctuations. The increasing difference between NOPAT and net income in the later years warrants further investigation to identify the contributing factors, such as changes in non-operating items or tax rates.
Cash Operating Taxes
Honeywell International Inc., cash operating taxes calculation
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
The reported tax expense and cash operating taxes exhibit distinct patterns over the five-year period. While both figures generally fluctuate, a notable divergence emerges, particularly in the later years. Tax expense demonstrates a decreasing trend from 2021 to 2025, while cash operating taxes show more variability.
- Tax Expense Trend
- Tax expense decreased from US$1,625 million in 2021 to US$1,008 million in 2025. A slight increase was observed between 2021 and 2022, followed by relative stability between 2022 and 2024 before a more substantial decline in 2025. This suggests potential changes in the company’s effective tax rate or taxable income.
- Cash Operating Taxes Trend
- Cash operating taxes increased from US$1,503 million in 2021 to US$1,654 million in 2022, representing a notable increase. This was followed by a decrease to US$1,434 million in 2023, then a significant rise to US$1,847 million in 2024. Finally, cash operating taxes decreased to US$1,204 million in 2025. The volatility in cash operating taxes suggests potential timing differences between reported tax expense and actual cash outflows for taxes.
- Relationship Between Tax Expense and Cash Operating Taxes
- In 2021 and 2022, cash operating taxes were relatively close to the reported tax expense. However, from 2023 onwards, a growing difference is apparent. In 2024, cash operating taxes exceeded tax expense by a considerable margin (US$374 million), while in 2025, tax expense exceeded cash operating taxes by US$204 million. This discrepancy could be attributed to deferred tax assets or liabilities, tax credits, or changes in tax laws impacting the timing of cash payments.
The observed trends indicate a potential decoupling between accounting-based tax expense and the actual cash taxes paid by the company. Further investigation into the underlying causes of these differences is warranted to fully understand the implications for economic value added (EVA) calculations and overall financial performance.
Invested Capital
Honeywell International Inc., invested capital calculation (financing approach)
US$ in millions
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 Addition of capitalized operating leases.
2 Elimination of deferred taxes from assets and liabilities. See details »
3 Addition of allowance for doubtful accounts receivable.
4 Addition of customer advances and deferred income.
5 Addition of obligations for product warranties and product performance guarantees.
6 Addition of repositioning reserves.
7 Addition of equity equivalents to total Honeywell shareowners’ equity.
8 Removal of accumulated other comprehensive income.
9 Subtraction of construction in progress.
10 Subtraction of available for sale investments.
Analysis of the presented financial information reveals trends in the company’s capital structure over the five-year period. Invested capital demonstrates a generally increasing trajectory, while both total reported debt & leases and total shareowners’ equity exhibit more fluctuating patterns.
- Invested Capital
- Invested capital remained relatively stable between 2021 and 2023, fluctuating around the US$48 billion mark. A significant increase is observed in 2024, reaching US$60.349 billion, and continues to rise in 2025 to US$61.387 billion. This suggests an expansion of the company’s asset base funded by both debt and equity.
- Total Reported Debt & Leases
- Total reported debt & leases decreased slightly from US$20.631 billion in 2021 to US$20.537 billion in 2022. It then increased to US$21.536 billion in 2023 before experiencing a substantial rise to US$32.225 billion in 2024. This upward trend continues into 2025, reaching US$35.563 billion. The increases in 2024 and 2025 indicate a greater reliance on debt financing.
- Total Honeywell Shareowners’ Equity
- Total shareowners’ equity decreased from US$18.569 billion in 2021 to US$16.697 billion in 2022 and further declined to US$15.856 billion in 2023. A partial recovery is seen in 2024, with equity increasing to US$18.619 billion, but it then falls again in 2025 to US$13.904 billion. This suggests potential share repurchases, dividend payouts, or retained earnings impacts contributing to the fluctuations.
The combined effect of these trends is a growing reliance on debt to fund the increasing invested capital, particularly evident in the later years of the period. While invested capital has increased consistently since 2024, the shareowners’ equity has shown volatility, with a notable decrease in 2025. This shift in the capital structure warrants further investigation to assess its implications for the company’s financial risk and future performance.
Cost of Capital
Honeywell International Inc., cost of capital calculations
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
| Capital (fair value)1 | Weights | Cost of capital | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity2 | ÷ | = | × | = | |||||||||
| Debt3 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability4 | ÷ | = | × | × (1 – 21.00%) | = | ||||||||
| Total: | |||||||||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 US$ in millions
2 Equity. See details »
3 Debt. See details »
4 Operating lease liability. See details »
Economic Spread Ratio
Honeywell International Inc., economic spread ratio calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Invested capital2 | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic spread ratio3 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Spread Ratio, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | ||||||
| Caterpillar Inc. | ||||||
| Eaton Corp. plc | ||||||
| GE Aerospace | ||||||
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | ||||||
| RTX Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2025 Calculation
Economic spread ratio = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × ÷ =
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
An analysis of the financial performance from 2021 to 2025 reveals a persistent inability to generate positive economic value. Economic profit remained negative throughout the entire period, indicating that the returns generated on invested capital were consistently lower than the cost of that capital.
- Economic Profit Trends
- Economic profit exhibited significant volatility and an overall downward trajectory. After an initial decline in 2022, a marginal recovery was observed in 2023. However, the subsequent two years saw a sharp acceleration in economic losses, with the deficit expanding from -1,042 million US dollars in 2023 to -3,062 million US dollars by the end of 2025.
- Invested Capital Dynamics
- Invested capital remained relatively stable between 2021 and 2023, fluctuating around the 48 billion US dollar mark. A substantial increase occurred in 2024, with invested capital rising to 60,349 million US dollars and further increasing to 61,387 million US dollars in 2025. This significant expansion of the capital base was not accompanied by an improvement in economic profit.
- Economic Spread Ratio Analysis
- The economic spread ratio remained negative throughout the observed period, mirroring the trends seen in economic profit. The ratio deteriorated from -2.05% in 2021 to -4.99% in 2025. The marked widening of the negative spread in 2024 and 2025 suggests that the additional capital deployed during this timeframe failed to generate returns sufficient to cover its cost, thereby accelerating the erosion of economic value.
Economic Profit Margin
Honeywell International Inc., economic profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2025 | Dec 31, 2024 | Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Economic profit1 | ||||||
| Net sales | ||||||
| Add: Increase (decrease) in customer advances and deferred income | ||||||
| Adjusted net sales | ||||||
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| Economic profit margin2 | ||||||
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Economic Profit Margin, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Boeing Co. | ||||||
| Caterpillar Inc. | ||||||
| Eaton Corp. plc | ||||||
| GE Aerospace | ||||||
| Lockheed Martin Corp. | ||||||
| RTX Corp. | ||||||
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2025-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2024-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31).
1 Economic profit. See details »
2 2025 Calculation
Economic profit margin = 100 × Economic profit ÷ Adjusted net sales
= 100 × ÷ =
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
The financial performance from 2021 through 2025 indicates a persistent inability to generate positive economic value, characterized by consistent negative economic profit and a deteriorating economic profit margin. While adjusted net sales exhibited a general upward trajectory for the majority of the period, this growth did not correlate with an improvement in value creation above the cost of capital.
- Economic Profit Trends
- Economic profit remained negative throughout the five-year period. After an initial decline from -992 million USD in 2021 to -1,488 million USD in 2022, there was a brief recovery to -1,042 million USD in 2023. However, this was followed by a significant acceleration in losses, with economic profit dropping to -2,425 million USD in 2024 and reaching a period low of -3,062 million USD by December 31, 2025.
- Revenue and Value Correlation
- Adjusted net sales grew steadily from 34,591 million USD in 2021 to a peak of 38,524 million USD in 2024, before experiencing a slight contraction to 37,818 million USD in 2025. The divergence between rising sales and falling economic profit through 2024 suggests that the costs associated with the capital employed or operational inefficiencies grew at a rate that outpaced revenue gains.
- Economic Profit Margin Deterioration
- The economic profit margin reflects a marked decline in capital efficiency. The margin began at -2.87% in 2021 and fluctuated slightly through 2023, ending that year at -2.86%. A sharp downward shift occurred in the final two years, with the margin widening to -6.29% in 2024 and -8.10% in 2025. This trend indicates a diminishing capacity to generate returns that exceed the required cost of capital relative to the volume of sales achieved.