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General Electric Co. (GE)

Analysis of Inventory

Difficulty: Advanced

Inventory Accounting Policy
Inventory Disclosure
Adjustment to Inventory: from LIFO to FIFO
Adjusted Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)
Adjusted Current Ratio
Adjusted Net Profit Margin
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Financial Leverage
Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Inventory Accounting Policy

All inventories are stated at lower of cost or realizable values. Effective January 1, 2018, GE voluntarily changed the cost method of the GE U.S. inventories that were previously measured on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis to first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis.

Source: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26).

Inventory Disclosure

General Electric Co., balance sheet: inventory

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2017		Dec 31, 2016		Dec 31, 2015		Dec 31, 2014
	Raw materials and work in process
	Finished goods
	Unbilled shipments
	Inventories at FIFO
	Revaluation to LIFO
	Inventories at LIFO

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

Item	Description	The company
Inventories at LIFO	Amount after valuation and LIFO reserves of inventory expected to be sold, or consumed within one year or operating cycle, if longer.	General Electric Co.’s inventories at LIFO declined from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjustment to Inventory: from LIFO to FIFO

Adjusting LIFO Inventory to FIFO (Current) Cost

US$ in millions

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Adjustment to Inventories At LIFO
	Inventories at LIFO at LIFO (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Inventories at LIFO at FIFO (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Current Assets
	Current assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Current assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total Assets
	Total assets (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Total assets (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Total GE Shareowners’ Equity
	Total GE shareowners’ equity (as reported)
	Add: Inventory LIFO reserve
	Total GE shareowners’ equity (adjusted)
	Adjustment to Net Earnings (loss) Attributable To The Company
	Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company (as reported)
	Add: Increase (decrease) in inventory LIFO reserve
	Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company (adjusted)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

General Electric Co.’s inventory value on Dec 31, 2018 would be $19,271 (in millions) if the FIFO inventory method was used instead of LIFO. General Electric Co.’s inventories, valued on a LIFO basis, on Dec 31, 2018 were $19,271 . General Electric Co.’s inventories would have been $— higher than reported on Dec 31, 2018 if the FIFO method had been used instead.

General Electric Co., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Ratios: LIFO vs. FIFO (Summary)

General Electric Co., adjusted ratios

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	Current Ratio
	Reported current ratio (LIFO)
	Adjusted current ratio (FIFO)
	Net Profit Margin
	Reported net profit margin (LIFO)
	Adjusted net profit margin (FIFO)
	Total Asset Turnover
	Reported total asset turnover (LIFO)
	Adjusted total asset turnover (FIFO)
	Financial Leverage
	Reported financial leverage (LIFO)
	Adjusted financial leverage (FIFO)
	Return on Equity (ROE)
	Reported ROE (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROE (FIFO)
	Return on Assets (ROA)
	Reported ROA (LIFO)
	Adjusted ROA (FIFO)

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

General Electric Co., Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Current Ratio

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Current assets
	Current liabilities
	Ratio
	Current ratio¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted current assets
	Current liabilities
	Ratio
	Adjusted current ratio²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted current ratio = Adjusted current assets ÷ Current liabilities
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted current ratio	A liquidity ratio calculated as adjusted current assets divided by current liabilities.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted current ratio deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusted Net Profit Margin

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Sales of goods and services
	Ratio
	Net profit margin¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Sales of goods and services
	Ratio
	Adjusted net profit margin²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ Net profit margin = 100 × Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Sales of goods and services
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted net profit margin = 100 × Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Sales of goods and services
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted net profit margin	An indicator of profitability, calculated as adjusted net income divided by revenue.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted net profit margin deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Sales of goods and services
	Total assets
	Ratio
	Total asset turnover¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Sales of goods and services
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted total asset turnover²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Sales of goods and services ÷ Total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Sales of goods and services ÷ Adjusted total assets
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted total asset turnover deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 but then improved from 2017 to 2018 exceeding 2016 level.

Adjusted Financial Leverage

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Total assets
	Total GE shareowners’ equity
	Ratio
	Financial leverage¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted total assets
	Adjusted total GE shareowners’ equity
	Ratio
	Adjusted financial leverage²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ Financial leverage = Total assets ÷ Total GE shareowners’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted financial leverage = Adjusted total assets ÷ Adjusted total GE shareowners’ equity
= hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted financial leverage	A measure of financial leverage calculated as adjusted total assets divided by adjusted total equity. Financial leverage is the extent to which a company can effect, through the use of debt, a proportional change in the return on common equity that is greater than a given proportional change in operating income.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted financial leverage increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusted Return on Equity (ROE)

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Total GE shareowners’ equity
	Ratio
	ROE¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Adjusted total GE shareowners’ equity
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROE²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROE = 100 × Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Total GE shareowners’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROE = 100 × Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Adjusted total GE shareowners’ equity
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROE	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted shareholders’ equity.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted ROE deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

		Dec 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2017	Dec 31, 2016	Dec 31, 2015	Dec 31, 2014
	As Reported
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Total assets
	Ratio
	ROA¹
	Adjusted: from LIFO to FIFO
	Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
	Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company
	Adjusted total assets
	Ratio
	Adjusted ROA²

Based on: 10-K (filing date: 2019-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2018-02-23), 10-K (filing date: 2017-02-24), 10-K (filing date: 2016-02-26), 10-K (filing date: 2015-02-27).

2018 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Adjusted net earnings (loss) attributable to the Company ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × hidden ÷ hidden = hidden

Ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as adjusted net income divided by adjusted total assets.	General Electric Co.’s adjusted ROA deteriorated from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

	General Electric Co.	Other companies (not purchased previously)
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Ratios
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Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis
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Financial Statements
Common-Size Financial Statements
Ratios
Relative Valuation
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation
Economic Value Added (EVA)
Long-term Trends
Analysis
Financial Reporting Quality