Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Profitability ratios measure the company ability to generate profitable sales from its resources (assets).
Profitability Ratios (Summary)
International Business Machines Corp., profitability ratios
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Gross profit margin | Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures. | International Business Machines Corp. gross profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
| Operating profit margin | A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. operating profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
| Net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. ROE deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
| ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Gross Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., gross profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Gross profit | 34,300) | 32,687) | 31,486) | 35,575) | 36,488) | |
| Revenue | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | 77,147) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Gross profit margin1 | 55.45% | 54.00% | 54.90% | 48.32% | 47.30% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Gross Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 32.34% | 31.99% | 32.38% | 31.53% | 30.81% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 87.87% | 87.70% | 88.18% | 86.62% | 85.03% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 78.13% | 81.09% | 82.53% | 82.05% | 82.80% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 68.92% | 68.40% | 68.93% | 67.78% | 65.90% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 72.85% | 79.08% | 80.59% | 79.68% | 79.76% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 72.29% | 68.76% | 70.05% | 70.68% | 72.12% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 73.34% | 73.48% | 74.41% | 75.23% | 74.02% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 78.59% | 78.29% | 77.05% | 78.16% | 76.98% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 79.08% | 79.07% | 79.50% | 78.44% | 77.60% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Gross profit margin = 100 × Gross profit ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 34,300 ÷ 61,860 = 55.45%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Gross profit margin | Gross profit margin indicates the percentage of revenue available to cover operating and other expenditures. | International Business Machines Corp. gross profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Operating Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., operating profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Operating income | 9,382) | 8,174) | 6,865) | 6,786) | 10,543) | |
| Revenue | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | 77,147) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Operating profit margin1 | 15.17% | 13.50% | 11.97% | 9.22% | 13.67% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Operating Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 13.74% | 15.21% | 15.08% | 14.69% | 14.59% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 34.26% | 34.64% | 36.76% | 32.93% | 29.25% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 21.86% | 20.20% | 25.95% | 28.34% | 27.33% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 41.77% | 42.06% | 41.59% | 37.03% | 34.14% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 26.21% | 25.74% | 37.58% | 35.57% | 34.26% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 5.62% | -3.43% | -7.15% | -5.25% | -1.87% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 3.29% | 2.07% | 2.14% | 1.74% | 4.03% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 8.49% | 4.90% | 4.36% | 4.40% | 1.22% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 21.72% | 22.87% | 17.48% | 16.83% | 15.48% | |
| Operating Profit Margin, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 28.03% | 27.98% | 28.89% | 25.05% | 24.34% | |
| Operating Profit Margin, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 26.32% | 28.47% | 28.76% | 24.95% | 25.42% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Operating profit margin = 100 × Operating income ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 9,382 ÷ 61,860 = 15.17%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Operating profit margin | A profitability ratio calculated as operating income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. operating profit margin ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023. |
Net Profit Margin
International Business Machines Corp., net profit margin calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | 9,431) | |
| Revenue | 61,860) | 60,530) | 57,350) | 73,620) | 77,147) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| Net profit margin1 | 12.13% | 2.71% | 10.01% | 7.59% | 12.22% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| Net Profit Margin, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 10.72% | 11.17% | 11.69% | 11.52% | 11.06% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 27.97% | 27.01% | 30.55% | 40.88% | 26.42% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 16.59% | 16.23% | 21.41% | 23.78% | 22.95% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 34.15% | 36.69% | 36.45% | 30.96% | 31.18% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 17.02% | 15.83% | 33.96% | 25.94% | 28.05% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 6.38% | -4.85% | -11.72% | -7.83% | -2.82% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.66% | 5.45% | 19.16% | 0.74% | 8.36% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 19.30% | 4.49% | 3.90% | 2.62% | 18.11% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 21.05% | 19.38% | 18.02% | 18.03% | 15.84% | |
| Net Profit Margin, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 22.47% | 22.24% | 25.99% | 20.85% | 21.80% | |
| Net Profit Margin, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 22.13% | 24.07% | 25.56% | 21.38% | 22.17% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
Net profit margin = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Revenue
= 100 × 7,502 ÷ 61,860 = 12.13%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| Net profit margin | An indicator of profitability, calculated as net income divided by revenue. | International Business Machines Corp. net profit margin ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Return on Equity (ROE)
International Business Machines Corp., ROE calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | 9,431) | |
| Total IBM stockholders’ equity | 22,533) | 21,944) | 18,901) | 20,597) | 20,841) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| ROE1 | 33.29% | 7.47% | 30.38% | 27.14% | 45.25% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROE, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 26.75% | 31.11% | 30.25% | 30.05% | 33.17% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 32.86% | 33.85% | 32.59% | 39.66% | 28.03% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 13.81% | 12.57% | 20.89% | 35.76% | 41.53% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 35.09% | 43.68% | 43.15% | 37.43% | 38.35% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 792.45% | — | 262.43% | 83.94% | 50.87% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 25.15% | -127.14% | -78.63% | -24.23% | -5.16% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.36% | 2.48% | 9.81% | 0.37% | 7.11% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 22.69% | 6.46% | 6.22% | 4.18% | 29.45% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 20.01% | 17.85% | 14.31% | 13.54% | 13.04% | |
| ROE, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 29.37% | 32.03% | 37.53% | 31.80% | 36.15% | |
| ROE, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 31.93% | 38.69% | 42.56% | 35.29% | 36.68% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
ROE = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total IBM stockholders’ equity
= 100 × 7,502 ÷ 22,533 = 33.29%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROE | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by shareholders’ equity. | International Business Machines Corp. ROE deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |
Return on Assets (ROA)
International Business Machines Corp., ROA calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2023 | Dec 31, 2022 | Dec 31, 2021 | Dec 31, 2020 | Dec 31, 2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net income attributable to IBM | 7,502) | 1,639) | 5,743) | 5,590) | 9,431) | |
| Total assets | 135,241) | 127,243) | 132,001) | 155,971) | 152,186) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| ROA1 | 5.55% | 1.29% | 4.35% | 3.58% | 6.20% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROA, Competitors2 | ||||||
| Accenture PLC | 13.41% | 14.55% | 13.68% | 13.78% | 16.04% | |
| Adobe Inc. | 18.23% | 17.51% | 17.70% | 21.66% | 14.22% | |
| Intuit Inc. | 8.58% | 7.45% | 13.29% | 16.70% | 24.78% | |
| Microsoft Corp. | 17.56% | 19.94% | 18.36% | 14.70% | 13.69% | |
| Oracle Corp. | 6.33% | 6.15% | 10.48% | 8.78% | 10.20% | |
| Palo Alto Networks Inc. | 3.03% | -2.18% | -4.87% | -2.95% | -1.24% | |
| Salesforce Inc. | 0.21% | 1.52% | 6.14% | 0.23% | 3.61% | |
| ServiceNow Inc. | 9.96% | 2.44% | 2.13% | 1.36% | 10.41% | |
| Synopsys Inc. | 11.90% | 10.45% | 8.66% | 8.27% | 8.31% | |
| ROA, Sector | ||||||
| Software & Services | 11.45% | 11.67% | 12.60% | 10.03% | 10.89% | |
| ROA, Industry | ||||||
| Information Technology | 13.10% | 15.14% | 15.65% | 12.15% | 12.80% | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).
1 2023 Calculation
ROA = 100 × Net income attributable to IBM ÷ Total assets
= 100 × 7,502 ÷ 135,241 = 5.55%
2 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROA | A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by total assets. | International Business Machines Corp. ROA deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level. |