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International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) | Analysis of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment Accounting Policy

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of certain depreciable assets are as follows: buildings, 30 to 50 years; building equipment, 10 to 20 years; land improvements, 20 years; plant, laboratory and office equipment, 2 to 20 years; and computer equipment, 1.5 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease term, rarely exceeding 25 years.

Capitalized software costs incurred or acquired after technological feasibility has been established are amortized over periods ranging up to 3 years. Capitalized costs for internal-use software are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods up to 2 years. (See "Software Costs" on page 79 for additional information). Other intangible assets are amortized over periods between 1 and 7 years.

Source: International Business Machines Corp., Annual Report

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure

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International Business Machines Corp., Statement of Financial Position, Property, Plant and Equipment

USD $ in millions

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Source: Based on data from International Business Machines Corp. Annual Reports

Item Description The company
Land and land improvements Real estate assets held for productive use and depreciable assets that are an addition or improvement to real estate held for productive use. International Business Machines Corp.'s land and land improvements increased from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.
Buildings and building improvements Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of long-lived, depreciable assets that include building structures held for productive use including any addition, improvement, or renovation to the structure, such as interior masonry, interior flooring, electrical, and plumbing. International Business Machines Corp.'s buildings and building improvements increased from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.
Plant, laboratory and office equipment Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of long-lived, depreciable asset used in production process to produce goods and services. International Business Machines Corp.'s plant, laboratory and office equipment increased from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.
Rental machines The amount of lessor property subject to or available for lease, at cost adjusted for any previously recognized impairment charges, by major property class, as of the balance sheet date. International Business Machines Corp.'s rental machines declined from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.
Property, plant and equipment, gross Carrying amount at the balance sheet date for long-lived physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. This can include land, physical structures, machinery, vehicles, furniture, computer equipment, construction in progress, and similar items. Amount does not include depreciation. International Business Machines Corp.'s property, plant and equipment, gross increased from 2009 to 2010 but then slightly declined from 2010 to 2011.
Property, plant and equipment, net Tangible assets that are held by an entity for use in the production or supply of goods and services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and that are expected to provide economic benefit for more than one year; net of accumulated depreciation. Examples include land, buildings, and production equipment. International Business Machines Corp.'s property, plant and equipment, net declined from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.

Property, Plant and Equipment Ratios (Summary)

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International Business Machines Corp., Property, Plant and Equipment Ratios

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    Dec 31, 2011 Dec 31, 2010 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2007
chart Average age % % % % %
Ratio Description The company
Average age As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company's fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient. International Business Machines Corp.'s average age of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.

Average Age

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    Dec 31, 2011 Dec 31, 2010 Dec 31, 2009 Dec 31, 2008 Dec 31, 2007
  Selected Financial Data (USD $ in millions)
chart Accumulated depreciation
chart Property, plant and equipment, gross
chart Land and land improvements
  Ratio
chart Average age1 % % % % %

2011 Calculations

1 Average age = 100 × Accumulated depreciation ÷ (Property, plant and equipment, gross – Land and land improvements)
= 100 × ÷ () = %

Ratio Description The company
Average age As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company's fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient. International Business Machines Corp.'s average age of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2009 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2011.

May 23, 2012

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