Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure
Asset Age Ratios (Summary)
Average Age
Estimated Total Useful Life
Estimated Age, Time Elapsed Since Purchase
Estimated Remaining Life

Ford Motor Co., balance sheet: property, plant and equipment

US$ in millions

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Land	367)	371)	450)	451)	421)
Buildings and land improvements	12,636)	11,946)	12,438)	12,557)	11,900)
Machinery, equipment, and other	41,202)	38,964)	39,636)	40,463)	38,939)
Software	5,423)	5,042)	4,598)	3,900)	3,691)
Construction in progress	5,308)	3,203)	2,152)	1,718)	1,710)
Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross	64,936)	59,526)	59,274)	59,089)	56,661)
Accumulated depreciation	(33,679)	(31,781)	(32,342)	(32,848)	(31,020)
Net land, plant and equipment, and other	31,257)	27,745)	26,932)	26,241)	25,641)
Tooling, net of amortization	9,564)	9,520)	10,207)	10,842)	10,828)
Net property	40,821)	37,265)	37,139)	37,083)	36,469)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

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Item	Description	The company
Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross	Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.	Ford Motor Co. land, plant and equipment, and other, gross increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Net land, plant and equipment, and other	Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.	Ford Motor Co. net land, plant and equipment, and other increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Ford Motor Co., asset age ratios

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Average age ratio	52.16%	53.72%	54.98%	56.02%	55.16%
Estimated total useful life (years)	21	21	20	21	16
Estimated age, time elapsed since purchase (years)	11	11	11	12	9
Estimated remaining life (years)	10	10	9	9	7

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Average age ratio	As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient.	Ford Motor Co. average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Estimated total useful life	Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors.	Ford Motor Co. estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Estimated time elapsed since purchase	The approximate age in years of a company fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes.	Ford Motor Co. estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Estimated remaining life		Ford Motor Co. estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Accumulated depreciation	33,679)	31,781)	32,342)	32,848)	31,020)
Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross	64,936)	59,526)	59,274)	59,089)	56,661)
Land	367)	371)	450)	451)	421)
Asset Age Ratio
Average age¹	52.16%	53.72%	54.98%	56.02%	55.16%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Average age = 100 × Accumulated depreciation ÷ (Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross – Land)
= 100 × 33,679 ÷ (64,936 – 367) = 52.16%

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Average age	As long as straight-line depreciation is used, this is an accurate estimate of asset age as a percentage of depreciable life. The relative age is a useful measure of whether the company fixed asset base is old or new. Newer assets are likely to be more efficient.	Ford Motor Co. average age ratio of depreciable property, plant and equipment improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross	64,936)	59,526)	59,274)	59,089)	56,661)
Land	367)	371)	450)	451)	421)
Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses	3,041)	2,878)	2,986)	2,792)	3,449)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated total useful life¹	21	21	20	21	16

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Estimated total useful life = (Land, plant and equipment, and other, gross – Land) ÷ Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses
= (64,936 – 367) ÷ 3,041 = 21

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated total useful life	Over longer time periods, this ratio is a useful measure of company depreciation policy and can be used for comparisons with competitors.	Ford Motor Co. estimated total useful life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Accumulated depreciation	33,679)	31,781)	32,342)	32,848)	31,020)
Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses	3,041)	2,878)	2,986)	2,792)	3,449)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Time elapsed since purchase¹	11	11	11	12	9

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Time elapsed since purchase = Accumulated depreciation ÷ Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses
= 33,679 ÷ 3,041 = 11

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated time elapsed since purchase	The approximate age in years of a company fixed assets. Useful for comparison purposes.	Ford Motor Co. estimated time elapsed since purchase of depreciable property, plant and equipment deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Net land, plant and equipment, and other	31,257)	27,745)	26,932)	26,241)	25,641)
Land	367)	371)	450)	451)	421)
Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses	3,041)	2,878)	2,986)	2,792)	3,449)
Asset Age Ratio (Years)
Estimated remaining life¹	10	10	9	9	7

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Estimated remaining life = (Net land, plant and equipment, and other – Land) ÷ Property-related depreciation and other amortization expenses
= (31,257 – 367) ÷ 3,041 = 10

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Asset age ratio	Description	The company
Estimated remaining life		Ford Motor Co. estimated remaining life of depreciable property, plant and equipment increased from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Ford Motor Co. (NYSE:F)

Analysis of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure

Asset Age Ratios (Summary)

Average Age

Estimated Total Useful Life

Estimated Age, Time Elapsed since Purchase

Estimated Remaining Life