Return on Capital (ROC)
Return on capital (ROC) is after tax rate of return on net business assets. ROIC is unaffected by changes in interest rates or company debt and equity structure. It measures business productivity performance.
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
EMC Corp., ROIC calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Dec 31, 2012 | Dec 31, 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 2,862) | 3,737) | 4,442) | 4,279) | 4,267) | |
| Invested capital2 | 33,788) | 32,268) | 31,439) | 27,392) | 24,594) | |
| Performance Ratio | ||||||
| ROIC3 | 8.47% | 11.58% | 14.13% | 15.62% | 17.35% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| ROIC, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KLA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micron Technology Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ON Semiconductor Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Invested capital. See details »
3 2015 Calculation
ROIC = 100 × NOPAT ÷ Invested capital
= 100 × 2,862 ÷ 33,788 = 8.47%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Performance ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| ROIC | A measure of the periodic, after tax, cash-on-cash yield earned in the business. | EMC Corp. ROIC deteriorated from 2013 to 2014 and from 2014 to 2015. |
Decomposition of ROIC
EMC Corp., decomposition of ROIC
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31).
1 Operating profit margin (OPM). See calculations »
2 Turnover of capital (TO). See calculations »
3 Effective cash tax rate (CTR). See calculations »
The primary reason for the decrease in return on invested capital (ROIC) over 2015 year is the decrease in profitability measured by operating profit margin (OPM) ratio.
Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
EMC Corp., OPM calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Dec 31, 2012 | Dec 31, 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 2,862) | 3,737) | 4,442) | 4,279) | 4,267) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 992) | 1,309) | 1,038) | 1,085) | 739) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 3,854) | 5,046) | 5,481) | 5,364) | 5,005) | |
| Revenues | 24,704) | 24,440) | 23,222) | 21,714) | 20,008) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 637) | 1,186) | 1,428) | 1,377) | 1,510) | |
| Adjusted revenues | 25,341) | 25,626) | 24,650) | 23,091) | 21,518) | |
| Profitability Ratio | ||||||
| OPM3 | 15.21% | 19.69% | 22.23% | 23.23% | 23.26% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| OPM, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KLA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micron Technology Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ON Semiconductor Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2015 Calculation
OPM = 100 × NOPBT ÷ Adjusted revenues
= 100 × 3,854 ÷ 25,341 = 15.21%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Profitability ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| OPM | The operating profit margin (OPM) is the ratio of pretax economic earnings, or NOPBT, to sales. | EMC Corp. OPM deteriorated from 2013 to 2014 and from 2014 to 2015. |
Turnover of Capital (TO)
EMC Corp., TO calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Dec 31, 2012 | Dec 31, 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Revenues | 24,704) | 24,440) | 23,222) | 21,714) | 20,008) | |
| Add: Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 637) | 1,186) | 1,428) | 1,377) | 1,510) | |
| Adjusted revenues | 25,341) | 25,626) | 24,650) | 23,091) | 21,518) | |
| Invested capital1 | 33,788) | 32,268) | 31,439) | 27,392) | 24,594) | |
| Efficiency Ratio | ||||||
| TO2 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.87 | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| TO, Competitors3 | ||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KLA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micron Technology Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ON Semiconductor Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31).
1 Invested capital. See details »
2 2015 Calculation
TO = Adjusted revenues ÷ Invested capital
= 25,341 ÷ 33,788 = 0.75
3 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Efficiency ratio | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| TO | The turnover of capital (TO) is the ratio of sales to invested capital. Capital turnover is a function of the efficiency of working capital management and of net fixed assets. | EMC Corp. TO improved from 2013 to 2014 but then deteriorated significantly from 2014 to 2015. |
Effective Cash Tax Rate (CTR)
EMC Corp., CTR calculation, comparison to benchmarks
| Dec 31, 2015 | Dec 31, 2014 | Dec 31, 2013 | Dec 31, 2012 | Dec 31, 2011 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions) | ||||||
| Net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)1 | 2,862) | 3,737) | 4,442) | 4,279) | 4,267) | |
| Add: Cash operating taxes2 | 992) | 1,309) | 1,038) | 1,085) | 739) | |
| Net operating profit before taxes (NOPBT) | 3,854) | 5,046) | 5,481) | 5,364) | 5,005) | |
| Tax Rate | ||||||
| CTR3 | 25.73% | 25.94% | 18.94% | 20.23% | 14.76% | |
| Benchmarks | ||||||
| CTR, Competitors4 | ||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Analog Devices Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Applied Materials Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Broadcom Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Intel Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| KLA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lam Research Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micron Technology Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| NVIDIA Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ON Semiconductor Corp. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Qualcomm Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Texas Instruments Inc. | — | — | — | — | — | |
Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2015-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2014-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2013-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2012-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2011-12-31).
1 NOPAT. See details »
2 Cash operating taxes. See details »
3 2015 Calculation
CTR = 100 × Cash operating taxes ÷ NOPBT
= 100 × 992 ÷ 3,854 = 25.73%
4 Click competitor name to see calculations.
| Tax rate | Description | The company |
|---|---|---|
| CTR | Effective cash tax rate on operating income. | EMC Corp. CTR increased from 2013 to 2014 but then slightly decreased from 2014 to 2015. |