Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the income of Linde plc relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Statement of Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is the change in equity (net assets) of Linde plc during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owners sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Balance Sheet: Assets
Quarterly Data

The assets reports major classes and amounts of resources owned or controlled by Linde plc.

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Evaluates revenues and output generated by the Linde plc assets. Operating performance ratios describe the relationship between the Linde plc level of operations and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.

• Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Inventory Turnover
• Receivables Turnover
• Payables Turnover
• Working Capital Turnover
• Average Inventory Processing Period
• Average Receivable Collection Period
• Operating Cycle
• Average Payables Payment Period
• Cash Conversion Cycle

Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)

The FCFE valuation approach estimates the value of equity as the present value of future FCFE discounted at the required rate of return on equity.

• Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
• Required Rate of Return (r)
• FCFE Growth Rate (g)

Cash Flow Statement
Quarterly Data

The cash flow statement provides information about Linde plc cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on Linde plc balance sheet.

Aggregate Accruals

Financial reporting quality relates to the accuracy with which Linde plc reported financial statements reflect its operating performance and to their usefulness for forecasting future cash flows.
Aggregate accruals deriving measures of the accrual component of Linde plc earnings.

• Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
• Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio

Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data

Examines Linde plc capital structure in terms of the mix of its financing sources and the ability of the firm to satisfy its longer-term debt and investment obligations.

• Solvency Ratios (Summary)
• Debt to Equity
• Debt to Capital
• Debt to Assets
• Financial Leverage

Dividend Discount Model (DDM)

The dividend discount model (DDM) is a technique for estimating the value of a share of Linde plc common stock issue as the present value of all future dividends.

• Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
• Required Rate of Return (r)
• Dividend Growth Rate (g)

Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)

Free cash flow to the firm is the cash flow available to the Linde plc suppliers of capital after all operating expenses have been paid and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made.

• Free Cash Flow to The Firm (FCFF)
• Interest Paid, Net of Tax
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Current
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Historical

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.