Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Profitability Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the income of Caterpillar Inc. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Present Value of Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)

The FCFE valuation approach estimates the value of equity as the present value of future FCFE discounted at the required rate of return on equity.

• Intrinsic Stock Value (Valuation Summary)
• Required Rate of Return (r)
• FCFE Growth Rate (g)

Income Statement
Quarterly Data

The income statement (statement of earnings) reports on the performance of Caterpillar Inc., the result of its operating activities.

Cash Flow Statement
Quarterly Data

The cash flow statement provides information about Caterpillar Inc. cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on Caterpillar Inc. balance sheet.

Analysis of Solvency Ratios
Quarterly Data

Examines Caterpillar Inc. capital structure in terms of the mix of its financing sources and the ability of the firm to satisfy its longer-term debt and investment obligations.

• Solvency Ratios (Summary)
• Debt to Equity
• Debt to Capital
• Debt to Assets
• Financial Leverage
• Interest Coverage

Analysis of Revenues

• Revenues as Reported

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures the adequacy of a Caterpillar Inc. cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Common-Size Income Statement
Quarterly Data

Income statement components (revenues and expenses) shown as percentage of total sales.

Common Stock Valuation Ratios
Quarterly Data

Relative valuation technique determine the value of Caterpillar Inc. by comparing it to similar entities (like industry or sector) on the basis of several relative ratios that compare its stock price to relevant variables that affect the stock value, such as earnings, book value, and sales.

• Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
• Price to Earnings (P/E)
• Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
• Price to Sales (P/S)
• Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)

CAPM is a theory concentrated with deriving the expected rates of return on risky assets based on the assets’ systematic risk levels. Systematic risk is the variability of returns that is due to macroeconomic factors that affect all risky assets. It cannot be eliminated by diversification.

• Rates of Return
• Variance and Covariance
• Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
• Expected Rate of Return

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios

Measures how efficiently Caterpillar Inc. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover (including Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset)
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover