Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Measures the income of Caterpillar Inc. relative to its revenues and invested capital.

• Profitability Ratios (Summary)
• Gross Profit Margin
• Operating Profit Margin
• Net Profit Margin
• Return on Equity (ROE)
• Return on Assets (ROA)

Analysis of Short-term (Operating) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Evaluates revenues and output generated by the Caterpillar Inc. assets. Operating performance ratios describe the relationship between the Caterpillar Inc. level of operations and the assets needed to sustain operating activities.

• Short-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Inventory Turnover
• Receivables Turnover
• Payables Turnover
• Working Capital Turnover
• Average Inventory Processing Period
• Average Receivable Collection Period
• Operating Cycle
• Average Payables Payment Period
• Cash Conversion Cycle

Income Statement
Quarterly Data

The income statement (statement of earnings) reports on the performance of Caterpillar Inc., the result of its operating activities.

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin
Quarterly Data

An approach to decomposing Caterpillar Inc. return on equity, return on assets, and net profit margin ratio as the product of other financial ratios.

• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement provides information about Caterpillar Inc. cash receipts and cash payments during an accounting period, showing how these cash flows link the ending cash balance to the beginning balance shown on Caterpillar Inc. balance sheet.

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Analysis of Reportable Segments

Caterpillar Inc. operates in 4 segments: Construction Industries; Resource Industries; Power & Energy; and Financial Products Segment.

• Segment Profit Margin
• Segment Return on Assets (Segment ROA)
• Segment Asset Turnover
• Segment Capital Expenditures to Depreciation
• Sales and revenues
• Profit
• Assets
• Depreciation and amortization
• Capital expenditures

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Assets

Assets components shown as percentage of total assets.

Analysis of Geographic Areas

Caterpillar Inc. operates in 2 regions: Inside United States and Outside United States.

• Area Asset Turnover
• External sales and revenues
• Property, plant and equipment, net

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures how efficiently Caterpillar Inc. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover