Financial statement analysis and common stock valuation

Analysis of Reportable Segments

Microsoft Corp. operates in 3 segments: Productivity and Business Processes; Intelligent Cloud; and More Personal Computing.

• Segment Profit Margin
• Revenue
• Operating income

DuPont Analysis: Disaggregation of ROE, ROA, and Net Profit Margin

An approach to decomposing Microsoft Corp. return on equity, return on assets, and net profit margin ratio as the product of other financial ratios.

• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Three-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Five-Component Disaggregation of ROE
• Two-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Four-Component Disaggregation of ROA
• Disaggregation of Net Profit Margin

Enterprise Value to EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

To calculate EBITDA analysts start with net earnings. To that earnings number, interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are added. EBITDA as a pre-interest number is a flow to all providers of capital.

• Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Current
• EV to EBITDA Ratio, Historical

Common-Size Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Quarterly Data

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity components shown as percentage of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

Analysis of Liquidity Ratios

Measures the adequacy of Microsoft Corp. cash resources to meet its near-term cash obligations.

• Liquidity Ratios (Summary)
• Current Ratio
• Quick Ratio
• Cash Ratio

Aggregate Accruals

Financial reporting quality relates to the accuracy with which Microsoft Corp. reported financial statements reflect its operating performance and to their usefulness for forecasting future cash flows.
Aggregate accruals deriving measures of the accrual component of Microsoft Corp. earnings.

• Balance-Sheet-Based Accruals Ratio
• Cash-Flow-Statement-Based Accruals Ratio

Balance Sheet: Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

The liabilities and stockholders’ equity reports major classes and amounts of external claims on assets and owners’ capital contributions, and other internally generated sources of capital.

Enterprise Value to FCFF (EV/FCFF)

Free cash flow to the firm is the cash flow available to the Microsoft Corp. suppliers of capital after all operating expenses have been paid and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made.

• Free Cash Flow to The Firm (FCFF)
• Interest Paid, Net of Tax
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Current
• EV to FCFF Ratio, Historical

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios

Measures how efficiently Microsoft Corp. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover (including Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset)
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover

Common Stock Valuation Ratios
Quarterly Data

Relative valuation technique determine the value of Microsoft Corp. by comparing it to similar entities (like industry or sector) on the basis of several relative ratios that compare its stock price to relevant variables that affect the stock value, such as earnings, book value, and sales.

• Historical Valuation Ratios (Summary)
• Price to Earnings (P/E)
• Price to Operating Profit (P/OP)
• Price to Sales (P/S)
• Price to Book Value (P/BV)

Analysis of Long-term (Investment) Activity Ratios
Quarterly Data

Measures how efficiently Microsoft Corp. generates revenues from its investments in fixed or total assets.

• Long-term Activity Ratios (Summary)
• Net Fixed Asset Turnover
• Total Asset Turnover
• Equity Turnover

Analysis of Revenues

• Revenues as Reported