Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) indicates what should be the expected or required rate of return on risky assets like Monsanto Co. common stock.
Rates of Return
Monsanto Co., monthly rates of return
| Monsanto Co. (MON) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PriceMON,t1 | DividendMON,t1 | RMON,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| Sep 30, 2011 | $60.04 | 1,131.42 | ||||
| 1. | Oct 31, 2011 | $72.75 | $0.30 | 21.67% | 1,253.30 | 10.77% |
| 2. | Nov 30, 2011 | $73.45 | 0.96% | 1,246.96 | -0.51% | |
| 3. | Dec 31, 2011 | $70.07 | -4.60% | 1,257.60 | 0.85% | |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 70. | Jul 31, 2017 | $116.82 | $0.54 | -0.84% | 2,470.30 | 1.93% |
| 71. | Aug 31, 2017 | $117.20 | 0.33% | 2,471.65 | 0.05% | |
| Average (R): | 1.27% | 1.15% | ||||
| Standard deviation: | 6.07% | 3.01% | ||||
| Monsanto Co. (MON) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Date | PriceMON,t1 | DividendMON,t1 | RMON,t2 | PriceS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| Sep 30, 2011 | $60.04 | 1,131.42 | ||||
| 1. | Oct 31, 2011 | $72.75 | $0.30 | 21.67% | 1,253.30 | 10.77% |
| 2. | Nov 30, 2011 | $73.45 | 0.96% | 1,246.96 | -0.51% | |
| 3. | Dec 31, 2011 | $70.07 | -4.60% | 1,257.60 | 0.85% | |
| 4. | Jan 31, 2012 | $82.05 | $0.30 | 17.53% | 1,312.41 | 4.36% |
| 5. | Feb 29, 2012 | $77.38 | -5.69% | 1,365.68 | 4.06% | |
| 6. | Mar 31, 2012 | $79.76 | 3.08% | 1,408.47 | 3.13% | |
| 7. | Apr 30, 2012 | $76.18 | $0.30 | -4.11% | 1,397.91 | -0.75% |
| 8. | May 31, 2012 | $77.20 | 1.34% | 1,310.33 | -6.27% | |
| 9. | Jun 30, 2012 | $82.78 | 7.23% | 1,362.16 | 3.96% | |
| 10. | Jul 31, 2012 | $85.62 | $0.30 | 3.79% | 1,379.32 | 1.26% |
| 11. | Aug 31, 2012 | $87.11 | 1.74% | 1,406.58 | 1.98% | |
| 12. | Sep 30, 2012 | $91.02 | 4.49% | 1,440.67 | 2.42% | |
| 13. | Oct 31, 2012 | $86.07 | $0.375 | -5.03% | 1,412.16 | -1.98% |
| 14. | Nov 30, 2012 | $91.59 | 6.41% | 1,416.18 | 0.28% | |
| 15. | Dec 31, 2012 | $94.65 | 3.34% | 1,426.19 | 0.71% | |
| 16. | Jan 31, 2013 | $101.35 | $0.375 | 7.47% | 1,498.11 | 5.04% |
| 17. | Feb 28, 2013 | $101.03 | -0.32% | 1,514.68 | 1.11% | |
| 18. | Mar 31, 2013 | $105.63 | 4.55% | 1,569.19 | 3.60% | |
| 19. | Apr 30, 2013 | $106.82 | $0.375 | 1.48% | 1,597.57 | 1.81% |
| 20. | May 31, 2013 | $100.64 | -5.79% | 1,630.74 | 2.08% | |
| 21. | Jun 30, 2013 | $98.80 | -1.83% | 1,606.28 | -1.50% | |
| 22. | Jul 31, 2013 | $98.78 | $0.375 | 0.36% | 1,685.73 | 4.95% |
| 23. | Aug 31, 2013 | $97.89 | -0.90% | 1,632.97 | -3.13% | |
| 24. | Sep 30, 2013 | $104.37 | 6.62% | 1,681.55 | 2.97% | |
| 25. | Oct 31, 2013 | $104.88 | $0.43 | 0.90% | 1,756.54 | 4.46% |
| 26. | Nov 30, 2013 | $113.33 | 8.06% | 1,805.81 | 2.80% | |
| 27. | Dec 31, 2013 | $116.55 | 2.84% | 1,848.36 | 2.36% | |
| 28. | Jan 31, 2014 | $106.55 | $0.43 | -8.21% | 1,782.59 | -3.56% |
| 29. | Feb 28, 2014 | $110.02 | 3.26% | 1,859.45 | 4.31% | |
| 30. | Mar 31, 2014 | $113.77 | 3.41% | 1,872.34 | 0.69% | |
| 31. | Apr 30, 2014 | $110.70 | $0.43 | -2.32% | 1,883.95 | 0.62% |
| 32. | May 31, 2014 | $121.85 | 10.07% | 1,923.57 | 2.10% | |
| 33. | Jun 30, 2014 | $124.74 | 2.37% | 1,960.23 | 1.91% | |
| 34. | Jul 31, 2014 | $113.09 | $0.43 | -8.99% | 1,930.67 | -1.51% |
| 35. | Aug 31, 2014 | $115.65 | 2.26% | 2,003.37 | 3.77% | |
| 36. | Sep 30, 2014 | $112.51 | -2.72% | 1,972.29 | -1.55% | |
| 37. | Oct 31, 2014 | $115.04 | $0.49 | 2.68% | 2,018.05 | 2.32% |
| 38. | Nov 30, 2014 | $119.91 | 4.23% | 2,067.56 | 2.45% | |
| 39. | Dec 31, 2014 | $119.47 | -0.37% | 2,058.90 | -0.42% | |
| 40. | Jan 31, 2015 | $117.98 | $0.49 | -0.84% | 1,994.99 | -3.10% |
| 41. | Feb 28, 2015 | $120.43 | 2.08% | 2,104.50 | 5.49% | |
| 42. | Mar 31, 2015 | $112.54 | $0.49 | -6.14% | 2,067.89 | -1.74% |
| 43. | Apr 30, 2015 | $113.96 | 1.26% | 2,085.51 | 0.85% | |
| 44. | May 31, 2015 | $116.98 | 2.65% | 2,107.39 | 1.05% | |
| 45. | Jun 30, 2015 | $106.59 | $0.49 | -8.46% | 2,063.11 | -2.10% |
| 46. | Jul 31, 2015 | $101.89 | -4.41% | 2,103.84 | 1.97% | |
| 47. | Aug 31, 2015 | $97.65 | -4.16% | 1,972.18 | -6.26% | |
| 48. | Sep 30, 2015 | $85.34 | -12.61% | 1,920.03 | -2.64% | |
| 49. | Oct 31, 2015 | $93.22 | $0.54 | 9.87% | 2,079.36 | 8.30% |
| 50. | Nov 30, 2015 | $95.16 | 2.08% | 2,080.41 | 0.05% | |
| 51. | Dec 31, 2015 | $98.52 | 3.53% | 2,043.94 | -1.75% | |
| 52. | Jan 31, 2016 | $90.60 | $0.54 | -7.49% | 1,940.24 | -5.07% |
| 53. | Feb 29, 2016 | $89.99 | -0.67% | 1,932.23 | -0.41% | |
| 54. | Mar 31, 2016 | $87.74 | -2.50% | 2,059.74 | 6.60% | |
| 55. | Apr 30, 2016 | $93.68 | $0.54 | 7.39% | 2,065.30 | 0.27% |
| 56. | May 31, 2016 | $112.47 | 20.06% | 2,096.95 | 1.53% | |
| 57. | Jun 30, 2016 | $103.41 | -8.06% | 2,098.86 | 0.09% | |
| 58. | Jul 31, 2016 | $106.77 | $0.54 | 3.77% | 2,173.60 | 3.56% |
| 59. | Aug 31, 2016 | $106.50 | -0.25% | 2,170.95 | -0.12% | |
| 60. | Sep 30, 2016 | $102.20 | -4.04% | 2,168.27 | -0.12% | |
| 61. | Oct 31, 2016 | $100.77 | $0.54 | -0.87% | 2,126.15 | -1.94% |
| 62. | Nov 30, 2016 | $102.71 | 1.93% | 2,198.81 | 3.42% | |
| 63. | Dec 31, 2016 | $105.21 | 2.43% | 2,238.83 | 1.82% | |
| 64. | Jan 31, 2017 | $108.31 | $0.54 | 3.46% | 2,278.87 | 1.79% |
| 65. | Feb 28, 2017 | $113.83 | 5.10% | 2,363.64 | 3.72% | |
| 66. | Mar 31, 2017 | $113.20 | -0.55% | 2,362.72 | -0.04% | |
| 67. | Apr 30, 2017 | $116.61 | $0.54 | 3.49% | 2,384.20 | 0.91% |
| 68. | May 31, 2017 | $117.42 | 0.69% | 2,411.80 | 1.16% | |
| 69. | Jun 30, 2017 | $118.36 | 0.80% | 2,423.41 | 0.48% | |
| 70. | Jul 31, 2017 | $116.82 | $0.54 | -0.84% | 2,470.30 | 1.93% |
| 71. | Aug 31, 2017 | $117.20 | 0.33% | 2,471.65 | 0.05% | |
| Average (R): | 1.27% | 1.15% | ||||
| Standard deviation: | 6.07% | 3.01% | ||||
Show all
1 Data in US$ per share of common stock, adjusted for splits and stock dividends.
2 Rate of return on common stock of MON during period t
3 Rate of return on S&P 500 (the market portfolio proxy) during period t
Variance and Covariance
Monsanto Co., calculation of variance and covariance of returns
| t | Date | RMON,t | RS&P 500,t | (RMON,t–RMON)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RMON,t–RMON)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Oct 31, 2011 | 21.67% | 10.77% | 416.05 | 92.57 | 196.25 |
| 2. | Nov 30, 2011 | 0.96% | -0.51% | 0.10 | 2.74 | 0.51 |
| 3. | Dec 31, 2011 | -4.60% | 0.85% | 34.50 | 0.09 | 1.75 |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 70. | Jul 31, 2017 | -0.84% | 1.93% | 4.48 | 0.61 | -1.66 |
| 71. | Aug 31, 2017 | 0.33% | 0.05% | 0.90 | 1.20 | 1.04 |
| Total (Σ): | 2,577.67 | 633.66 | 743.38 | |||
| t | Date | RMON,t | RS&P 500,t | (RMON,t–RMON)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RMON,t–RMON)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Oct 31, 2011 | 21.67% | 10.77% | 416.05 | 92.57 | 196.25 |
| 2. | Nov 30, 2011 | 0.96% | -0.51% | 0.10 | 2.74 | 0.51 |
| 3. | Dec 31, 2011 | -4.60% | 0.85% | 34.50 | 0.09 | 1.75 |
| 4. | Jan 31, 2012 | 17.53% | 4.36% | 264.18 | 10.29 | 52.13 |
| 5. | Feb 29, 2012 | -5.69% | 4.06% | 48.49 | 8.46 | -20.25 |
| 6. | Mar 31, 2012 | 3.08% | 3.13% | 3.25 | 3.93 | 3.58 |
| 7. | Apr 30, 2012 | -4.11% | -0.75% | 28.99 | 3.61 | 10.23 |
| 8. | May 31, 2012 | 1.34% | -6.27% | 0.00 | 54.99 | -0.50 |
| 9. | Jun 30, 2012 | 7.23% | 3.96% | 35.48 | 7.87 | 16.71 |
| 10. | Jul 31, 2012 | 3.79% | 1.26% | 6.36 | 0.01 | 0.27 |
| 11. | Aug 31, 2012 | 1.74% | 1.98% | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.39 |
| 12. | Sep 30, 2012 | 4.49% | 2.42% | 10.35 | 1.62 | 4.09 |
| 13. | Oct 31, 2012 | -5.03% | -1.98% | 39.67 | 9.79 | 19.71 |
| 14. | Nov 30, 2012 | 6.41% | 0.28% | 26.44 | 0.75 | -4.45 |
| 15. | Dec 31, 2012 | 3.34% | 0.71% | 4.28 | 0.20 | -0.92 |
| 16. | Jan 31, 2013 | 7.47% | 5.04% | 38.48 | 15.15 | 24.14 |
| 17. | Feb 28, 2013 | -0.32% | 1.11% | 2.52 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
| 18. | Mar 31, 2013 | 4.55% | 3.60% | 10.77 | 5.99 | 8.03 |
| 19. | Apr 30, 2013 | 1.48% | 1.81% | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.14 |
| 20. | May 31, 2013 | -5.79% | 2.08% | 49.80 | 0.86 | -6.53 |
| 21. | Jun 30, 2013 | -1.83% | -1.50% | 9.61 | 7.03 | 8.22 |
| 22. | Jul 31, 2013 | 0.36% | 4.95% | 0.83 | 14.41 | -3.46 |
| 23. | Aug 31, 2013 | -0.90% | -3.13% | 4.72 | 18.32 | 9.30 |
| 24. | Sep 30, 2013 | 6.62% | 2.97% | 28.60 | 3.33 | 9.76 |
| 25. | Oct 31, 2013 | 0.90% | 4.46% | 0.14 | 10.95 | -1.23 |
| 26. | Nov 30, 2013 | 8.06% | 2.80% | 46.04 | 2.74 | 11.22 |
| 27. | Dec 31, 2013 | 2.84% | 2.36% | 2.46 | 1.45 | 1.89 |
| 28. | Jan 31, 2014 | -8.21% | -3.56% | 89.92 | 22.17 | 44.65 |
| 29. | Feb 28, 2014 | 3.26% | 4.31% | 3.94 | 9.99 | 6.27 |
| 30. | Mar 31, 2014 | 3.41% | 0.69% | 4.57 | 0.21 | -0.98 |
| 31. | Apr 30, 2014 | -2.32% | 0.62% | 12.90 | 0.28 | 1.91 |
| 32. | May 31, 2014 | 10.07% | 2.10% | 77.45 | 0.91 | 8.38 |
| 33. | Jun 30, 2014 | 2.37% | 1.91% | 1.21 | 0.57 | 0.83 |
| 34. | Jul 31, 2014 | -8.99% | -1.51% | 105.40 | 7.07 | 27.30 |
| 35. | Aug 31, 2014 | 2.26% | 3.77% | 0.98 | 6.84 | 2.59 |
| 36. | Sep 30, 2014 | -2.72% | -1.55% | 15.89 | 7.30 | 10.77 |
| 37. | Oct 31, 2014 | 2.68% | 2.32% | 2.00 | 1.37 | 1.65 |
| 38. | Nov 30, 2014 | 4.23% | 2.45% | 8.77 | 1.70 | 3.86 |
| 39. | Dec 31, 2014 | -0.37% | -0.42% | 2.69 | 2.46 | 2.57 |
| 40. | Jan 31, 2015 | -0.84% | -3.10% | 4.45 | 18.10 | 8.97 |
| 41. | Feb 28, 2015 | 2.08% | 5.49% | 0.65 | 18.82 | 3.49 |
| 42. | Mar 31, 2015 | -6.14% | -1.74% | 55.00 | 8.35 | 21.44 |
| 43. | Apr 30, 2015 | 1.26% | 0.85% | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| 44. | May 31, 2015 | 2.65% | 1.05% | 1.90 | 0.01 | -0.14 |
| 45. | Jun 30, 2015 | -8.46% | -2.10% | 94.76 | 10.57 | 31.66 |
| 46. | Jul 31, 2015 | -4.41% | 1.97% | 32.27 | 0.68 | -4.68 |
| 47. | Aug 31, 2015 | -4.16% | -6.26% | 29.52 | 54.89 | 40.25 |
| 48. | Sep 30, 2015 | -12.61% | -2.64% | 192.60 | 14.40 | 52.67 |
| 49. | Oct 31, 2015 | 9.87% | 8.30% | 73.87 | 51.09 | 61.43 |
| 50. | Nov 30, 2015 | 2.08% | 0.05% | 0.66 | 1.21 | -0.89 |
| 51. | Dec 31, 2015 | 3.53% | -1.75% | 5.10 | 8.43 | -6.56 |
| 52. | Jan 31, 2016 | -7.49% | -5.07% | 76.78 | 38.74 | 54.54 |
| 53. | Feb 29, 2016 | -0.67% | -0.41% | 3.78 | 2.44 | 3.04 |
| 54. | Mar 31, 2016 | -2.50% | 6.60% | 14.23 | 29.68 | -20.55 |
| 55. | Apr 30, 2016 | 7.39% | 0.27% | 37.38 | 0.78 | -5.38 |
| 56. | May 31, 2016 | 20.06% | 1.53% | 352.91 | 0.15 | 7.17 |
| 57. | Jun 30, 2016 | -8.06% | 0.09% | 87.00 | 1.12 | 9.88 |
| 58. | Jul 31, 2016 | 3.77% | 3.56% | 6.25 | 5.81 | 6.03 |
| 59. | Aug 31, 2016 | -0.25% | -0.12% | 2.32 | 1.62 | 1.94 |
| 60. | Sep 30, 2016 | -4.04% | -0.12% | 28.19 | 1.62 | 6.76 |
| 61. | Oct 31, 2016 | -0.87% | -1.94% | 4.59 | 9.57 | 6.63 |
| 62. | Nov 30, 2016 | 1.93% | 3.42% | 0.43 | 5.14 | 1.48 |
| 63. | Dec 31, 2016 | 2.43% | 1.82% | 1.35 | 0.45 | 0.78 |
| 64. | Jan 31, 2017 | 3.46% | 1.79% | 4.79 | 0.41 | 1.40 |
| 65. | Feb 28, 2017 | 5.10% | 3.72% | 14.63 | 6.60 | 9.83 |
| 66. | Mar 31, 2017 | -0.55% | -0.04% | 3.33 | 1.42 | 2.17 |
| 67. | Apr 30, 2017 | 3.49% | 0.91% | 4.92 | 0.06 | -0.54 |
| 68. | May 31, 2017 | 0.69% | 1.16% | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 69. | Jun 30, 2017 | 0.80% | 0.48% | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.32 |
| 70. | Jul 31, 2017 | -0.84% | 1.93% | 4.48 | 0.61 | -1.66 |
| 71. | Aug 31, 2017 | 0.33% | 0.05% | 0.90 | 1.20 | 1.04 |
| Total (Σ): | 2,577.67 | 633.66 | 743.38 | |||
Show all
VarianceMON = Σ(RMON,t–RMON)2 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 2,577.67 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 36.82
VarianceS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 633.66 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 9.05
CovarianceMON, S&P 500 = Σ(RMON,t–RMON)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (71 – 1)
= 743.38 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 10.62
Systematic Risk (β) Estimation
| VarianceMON | 36.82 |
| VarianceS&P 500 | 9.05 |
| CovarianceMON, S&P 500 | 10.62 |
| Correlation coefficientMON, S&P 5001 | 0.58 |
| βMON2 | 1.17 |
| αMON3 | -0.08% |
Calculations
1 Correlation coefficientMON, S&P 500
= CovarianceMON, S&P 500 ÷ (Standard deviationMON × Standard deviationS&P 500)
= 10.62 ÷ (6.07% × 3.01%)
= 0.58
2 βMON
= CovarianceMON, S&P 500 ÷ VarianceS&P 500
= 10.62 ÷ 9.05
= 1.17
3 αMON
= AverageMON – βMON × AverageS&P 500
= 1.27% – 1.17 × 1.15%
= -0.08%
Expected Rate of Return
| Assumptions | ||
| Rate of return on LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | 4.79% |
| Expected rate of return on market portfolio2 | E(RM) | 13.48% |
| Systematic risk (β) of Monsanto Co. common stock | βMON | 1.17 |
| Expected rate of return on Monsanto Co. common stock3 | E(RMON) | 14.98% |
1 Unweighted average of bid yields on all outstanding fixed-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds neither due or callable in less than 10 years (risk-free rate of return proxy).
3 E(RMON) = RF + βMON [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.79% + 1.17 [13.48% – 4.79%]
= 14.98%