An operating lease is treated like a rental contract. Neither the leased asset nor the associated liability is reported on the lessee balance sheet, but the rights may be very similar to the rights of an owner. The lessee only records the lease payments as a rental expense in income statement.

Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases
Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)
Adjusted Total Asset Turnover
Adjusted Debt to Equity
Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)

Caterpillar Inc., adjustments to financial statements

US$ in millions

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Adjustment to Total Assets
Total assets (as reported)	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Add: Operating lease right-of-use asset (before adoption of FASB Topic 842)¹	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)
Total assets (adjusted)	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Adjustment to Total Debt
Total debt (as reported)	37,878)	36,993)	37,789)	37,163)	37,657)
Add: Operating lease liability (before adoption of FASB Topic 842)²	—)	—)	—)	—)	—)
Add: Current operating lease liabilities (recognized in Other current liabilities)	147)	151)	158)	163)	173)
Add: Noncurrent operating lease liabilities (recognized in Other liabilities)	427)	428)	484)	457)	461)
Total debt (adjusted)	38,452)	37,572)	38,431)	37,783)	38,291)

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

^{1, 2} Equal to total present value of future operating lease payments.

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

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Caterpillar Inc., adjusted financial ratios

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Total Asset Turnover¹
Reported total asset turnover	0.73	0.69	0.58	0.50	0.65
Adjusted total asset turnover	0.73	0.69	0.58	0.50	0.65
Debt to Equity²
Reported debt to equity	1.94	2.33	2.29	2.42	2.58
Adjusted debt to equity	1.97	2.37	2.33	2.46	2.62
Return on Assets³ (ROA)
Reported ROA	11.81%	8.18%	7.84%	3.83%	7.77%
Adjusted ROA	11.81%	8.18%	7.84%	3.83%	7.77%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

¹ See details »

² See details »

³ See details »

Financial ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.
Adjusted debt to equity	A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted debt to equity ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROA improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

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	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	63,869)	56,574)	48,188)	39,022)	50,755)
Total assets	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Activity Ratio
Total asset turnover¹	0.73	0.69	0.58	0.50	0.65
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation	63,869)	56,574)	48,188)	39,022)	50,755)
Adjusted total assets	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Activity Ratio
Adjusted total asset turnover²	0.73	0.69	0.58	0.50	0.65

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Total asset turnover = Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation ÷ Total assets
= 63,869 ÷ 87,476 = 0.73

² Adjusted total asset turnover = Sales of Machinery, Energy & Transportation ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 63,869 ÷ 87,476 = 0.73

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Activity ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted total asset turnover	An activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by adjusted total assets.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted total asset turnover ratio improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Total debt	37,878)	36,993)	37,789)	37,163)	37,657)
Equity attributable to common shareholders	19,494)	15,869)	16,484)	15,331)	14,588)
Solvency Ratio
Debt to equity¹	1.94	2.33	2.29	2.42	2.58
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Adjusted total debt	38,452)	37,572)	38,431)	37,783)	38,291)
Equity attributable to common shareholders	19,494)	15,869)	16,484)	15,331)	14,588)
Solvency Ratio
Adjusted debt to equity²	1.97	2.37	2.33	2.46	2.62

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ Debt to equity = Total debt ÷ Equity attributable to common shareholders
= 37,878 ÷ 19,494 = 1.94

² Adjusted debt to equity = Adjusted total debt ÷ Equity attributable to common shareholders
= 38,452 ÷ 19,494 = 1.97

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Solvency ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted debt-to-equity	A solvency ratio calculated as adjusted total debt divided by total shareholders’ equity.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted debt-to-equity ratio deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 but then improved from 2022 to 2023 exceeding 2021 level.

	Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
As Reported
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Profit attributable to common stockholders	10,335)	6,705)	6,489)	2,998)	6,093)
Total assets	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Profitability Ratio
ROA¹	11.81%	8.18%	7.84%	3.83%	7.77%
Adjusted for Operating Leases
Selected Financial Data (US$ in millions)
Profit attributable to common stockholders	10,335)	6,705)	6,489)	2,998)	6,093)
Adjusted total assets	87,476)	81,943)	82,793)	78,324)	78,453)
Profitability Ratio
Adjusted ROA²	11.81%	8.18%	7.84%	3.83%	7.77%

Based on: 10-K (reporting date: 2023-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2022-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2021-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2020-12-31), 10-K (reporting date: 2019-12-31).

2023 Calculations

¹ ROA = 100 × Profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Total assets
= 100 × 10,335 ÷ 87,476 = 11.81%

² Adjusted ROA = 100 × Profit attributable to common stockholders ÷ Adjusted total assets
= 100 × 10,335 ÷ 87,476 = 11.81%

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Profitability ratio	Description	The company
Adjusted ROA	A profitability ratio calculated as net income divided by adjusted total assets.	Caterpillar Inc. adjusted ROA improved from 2021 to 2022 and from 2022 to 2023.

Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE:CAT)

Analysis of Operating Leases

Adjustments to Financial Statements for Operating Leases

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Data: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Financial Ratios for Operating Leases (Summary)

Caterpillar Inc., Financial Ratios: Reported vs. Adjusted

Adjusted Total Asset Turnover

Adjusted Debt to Equity

Adjusted Return on Assets (ROA)