Royal Dutch Shell PLC (RDSA) | Analysis of Investments

Joint ventures and associates

Arrangements under which Shell has contractually agreed to share control with another party or parties are joint ventures, which may be incorporated (jointly controlled entities) or unincorporated (jointly controlled assets). Investments in entities over which Shell has the right to exercise significant influence but not control are classified as associates.

Interests in jointly controlled entities and associates are accounted for using the equity method, under which the investment is initially recognised at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Shell share of post-acquisition income less dividends received and the Shell share of other comprehensive income and other movements in equity, together with any loans of a long-term investment nature. Interests in jointly controlled assets are recognised by including the Shell share of assets, liabilities, income and expenses on a line-by-line basis. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of joint ventures and associates to bring the accounting policies used into line with those of Shell. In an exchange of assets and liabilities for an interest in a jointly controlled entity, the non-Shell share of any excess of the fair value of the assets and liabilities transferred over the pre-exchange carrying amounts is recognised in income. Unrealised gains on other transactions between Shell and its joint ventures and associates are eliminated to the extent of Shell's interest in them; unrealised losses are treated similarly but may also result in an assessment of whether the asset transferred is impaired.

Investments in securities

Investments in securities (also referred to as "securities") comprise equity and debt securities classified on initial recognition as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, except where their fair value cannot be measured reliably, in which case they are carried at cost, less any impairment. Unrealised holding gains and losses other than impairments are recognised in other comprehensive income, except for translation differences arising on foreign currency debt securities, which are recognised in income. On maturity or disposal, net gains and losses previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income are recognised in income.

Interest income on debt securities is recognised in income using the effective interest method. Dividends on equity securities are recognised in income when receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, including offsetting bank overdrafts, short-term deposits, money market funds and similar instruments that have a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition.

Source: Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Annual Report

Royal Dutch Shell PLC, adjustment to Income Attributable To Royal Dutch Shell Plc Shareholders

Royal Dutch Shell PLC, adjusted ratios

2012 Calculations

2012 Calculations

2012 Calculations